Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

隔热层厚度和数量对太空多层光学窗口温度分布的影响

 航天器上常安装有用于科学观察的多层光学窗口,其温度分布的均匀性会影响成像质量。运用射线踪迹-节点分析法的任意多层镜反射辐射与导热耦合换热模型,研究了隔热层厚度及数量对太空中多层光学窗口温度分布的影响。光学窗口的吸收系数、折射率随波长的变化用一组矩形谱带来近似。研究显示太空中热辐射在光学窗口的冷却过程中起着非常重要的作用,在离玻璃层表面附近很薄的一层玻璃介质内,辐射与导热存在强烈的耦合作用。隔热层厚度越薄,其内的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量。隔热层数量越多,光学窗口各层玻璃的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量,但是隔热层最佳数量的确定还需综合考虑其它因素。     

基于BP神经网络梯度下降算法的7003铝合金热处理工艺优化

为有效缩短7003铝合金热处理工艺,采用误差回转(BP)神经网络控制的方案,利用梯度下降法导出网络算法,建立热处理工艺与硬度之间BP神经网络模型.结果表明:预测值和实测值吻合较好,克服了以往单因素实验法不能正确有效反映热处理工艺和硬度之间高度非线性、时变性的弱点.该方法为有效、快捷、经济地开发有色金属和黑色金属的热处理工艺优化提供了新的思路.     

基于Fourier分析的螺旋桨特性研究

根据函数逼近论的相关理论,对现有的变距螺旋桨特性曲线进行Fourier分析,在此基础上得到了一种计算螺旋桨桨叶角和效率的经验公式。通过计算结果和读图结果的比较,证实了该算法具有较高的逼近精度。它不仅为我国发展螺旋桨的全权数字式电子控制系统（FADEC）提供理论支持,而且为传统的机械液压离心式控制系统控制发动机的状态提供较精确的数据,特别是分层设色等值线图的应用,使结果的直观性得以增强,更方便飞行员把握总体趋势,提高工作效率。     

基于自适应采样滤波器的临近空间飞行器姿态确定

为提高临近空间飞行器的姿态估计精度和稳定性,研究了捷联惯性导航系统与星敏感器组合定姿方法和滤波融合算法.首先给出了临近空间飞行器的高精度姿态确定方案及其模型,然后针对一般采样型滤波器自适应能力有限的缺点,推导了一种能在线自适应估计过程噪声和量测噪声协方差阵的自适应采样滤波算法,该算法融合了自适应估计和非线性滤波各自的优点,不仅能对姿态确定系统的非线性滤波问题进行高精度估计,而且估计结果具有较强的鲁棒性,最后进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明本文方法达到10角秒的定姿精度,其滤波精度和稳定性均满足临近空间飞行器的定姿要求.     

基于可用能的多电飞机能量利用率分析方法

为了分析复杂多电飞机系统的能量使用情况,将模块化系统建模与可用能分析方法相结合构造出一种能量利用率分析方法。利用该方法将多电飞机系统分成动力、电力、液压、机体、防冰除冰、环境控制和座舱等子系统,在完整巡航任务剖面内计算各子系统可用能的分配和使用情况,分析相同飞行状态下不同子系统以及相同子系统在不同飞行状态下的能量利用率。所采用的燃料可用能计算公式不仅考虑了化学能还考虑了燃烧状态的影响。结果显示,多电飞机中可用能损失主要发生在发动机中,液压作动系统紧随其次;防冰除冰单元在飞机盘旋阶段的可用能效率较低,在起飞着陆阶段效率较高。     

非晶态薄带冷却铜辊用内反馈静压轴承数值模拟

由于内反馈式静压轴承具有高回转精度、大承载能力和高油膜刚度等特性,固将其引入到非晶态薄带冷却铜辊支承结构中。为了获取冷却铜辊用内反馈静压轴承的承载能力特性,利用流体力学软件建立不同偏心距下的内反馈式静压轴承油膜模型,研究不同进油压力下随偏心距变化时轴承油膜压力场分布情况并计算出其承载能力。结果表明：在同等进油压力下,油膜承载能力随偏心距的增大而增大;在同等偏心距下,油膜承载能力随进油压力的增大而增大。最终通过与工作现场实验数据比对分析,当进油压力分别为3.0 MPa和3.5 MPa时,数值模拟载荷值与实际载荷值的相对误差分别为5.3%和5.4%,证明了数值模拟结果的可靠性。