火星探测器大气数据测量方法

针对火星探测器进入飞行弹道的高马赫数、化学非平衡效应和低动压等特点，提出了一种基于火星进入大气数据系统/惯性测量单元(MEADS/IMU)耦合的测量方法，实现海拔60 km以下区域的火星大气数据测量。利用自主研发CACFD软件平台的化学非平衡模型/完全气体模型计算获得探测器宽速域飞行流场的表面压力点数据，建立了基于BP神经网络的MEADS算法模型。在高马赫数段(Ma>12)利用IMU测量获得的马赫数作为输入条件，结合MEADS算法测量获得总压、动压、静压、攻角和侧滑角等飞行大气参数，成功克服了马赫数无关性对MEADS系统测量的影响。在低马赫数段(Ma≤12),直接应用MEADS算法测量静压、马赫数、攻角和侧滑角。测试结果表明在MEADS系统测压单元误差≤7 Pa的条件：总压测量误差≤14 Pa(1.5%),攻角测量误差≤0.9°,侧滑角测量误差≤0.9°,动压测量误差≤10 Pa(1.5%),静压测量误差≤7 Pa(3%),马赫数测量误差≤0.1。飞行试验数据得出：MEADS测量与IMU测量马赫数、攻角和侧滑角等结果基本一致。     

Hot Tearing Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-X Alloys

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy castings are widely used in the aerospace field owing to their high strength and excellent creep resistance. The castability of these alloys is also an important consideration for engineering application. Thus， the hot tearing susceptibilities (HTSs) of Mg-10Gd-1Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW91) alloy and Mg-10Gd-2Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW92) alloy are investigated with a constrained rod casting (CRC) mold. The microstructures and fracture surface are characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results unveil that the HTS of VW92 alloy is lower than that of VW91 alloy. The microstructures indicate that obvious tears can be observed in VW91 alloy， while the tears in VW92 alloy are tiny. The tear feeding and healing by eutectic are also observed in VW91 and VW92 alloys. Therefore， the lower hot tearing susceptibility of VW92 alloy is mainly attributed to the high amount of eutectic which feeds and heals tears. Besides， the effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the fluidity of VW91 and VW92 alloys on their HTSs are discussed.     

考虑滑移的螺栓连接动力学建模方法

螺栓连接结构受载时经常会出现滑移，这种滑移会影响结构的动力学性能，继而对结构的性能和寿命造成影响。本文以双螺栓连接结构为对象，通过实验和数值仿真手段研究滑移对结构模态特性的影响。实验结果表明，预紧力的增大会导致共振频率上升，而随着激励幅值增大，共振频率下降且每个周期能量耗散量对模态力的梯度增大。基于实验结果，结合考虑滑移的Iwan模型理论，建立非线性动力学模型，应用四阶龙格库塔法进行求解。根据计算结果对宏观滑移情况下的结构模态进行分析，发现此时二阶弹性模态中的共振频率下降量增大，能量耗散量对模态力的梯度降低。该数值计算模型可以很好地表征螺栓连接结构的模态特性，且计算效率高。