Polysaccharide from Loquat Leaves to Prepare Hierarchical Porous Carbon as a Matrix for Active Sulfur

Fossil fuel exhaustion and overdevelopment usually lead to a recession,which is worsened by the environmental pollution.So it is of high priority to develop high-efficiency energy storage device.Here,agreen and environment-friendly strategy is devised to fabricate carbon materials from biomass.By water extraction and alcohol precipitation,polysaccharide is extracted from loquat leaves.After calcining under high temperature,hierarchical porous carbon materials(HPCM)are obtained,possessing a variety of macropores,mesopores and micropores.Such ample and hierarchical pores enable the electrolyte infiltration and the buffering of the volume expansion of sulfur in repeated electrochemical reactions.The structure stability of the entire electrode can thus be well maintained.When evaluated as the scaffold for sulfur,the electrochemical performance of carbon/sulfur composite was tested.Even after 500 cycles,the reversible capacity is retained as high as 485.4 mA·h/g at the current density of 1.6 A/g.It also offers a notable rate capability,attaining the discharge capacity of 700.7 mA·h/g at 2 C.All the electrochemical performance results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.     

北斗三号系统广域差分服务精度评估

为了保证北斗系统广域差分服务的平稳过渡，北斗三号系统（BDS-3）通过GEO卫星B1I/B3I信号播发北斗二号协议广域差分改正信息，包括等效钟差改正数与格网点电离层信息。分析了增加BDS-3卫星后，等效钟差改正数和格网点电离层信息的特征，并对BDS-2和BDS-3的用户差分距离误差（UDRE）进行了对比。联合BDS-2和BDS-3实测数据，对BDS-3广域差分服务定位精度进行了评估。分析结果表明:BDS-2卫星广播星历空间信号用户等效距离误差（UERE）约为1 m，经过等效钟差改正数后，用户差分距离误差约为0.3 m；BDS-3卫星广播星历空间信号用户等效距离误差约为0.4 m，经过等效钟差改正数后，用户差分距离误差约为0.2 m。等效钟差改正数可以修正广播电文更新带来的空间信号阶跃误差，显著提升卫星空间信号精度。与基本导航系统播发的Klobuchar 8模型，广域差分系统所播发的格网点电离层信息可将电离层误差修正精度提高约18%。与单独BDS-2卫星相比，BDS-2/BDS-3卫星联合条件下，基本导航的单频用户和双频用户定位精度可分别提升26%和41%；广域差分服务的单频用户定位精度为2.4 m，双频用户定位精度为1.7 m，单频用户和双频用户定位精度分别提升13%和41%。      

Flash芯片电流“尖峰”现象的脉冲激光试验

利用皮秒脉冲激光单粒子效应试验装置研究了一款宇航级Flash芯片的电流“尖峰”（HCS）现象。利用激光准确定位的特点，确定电流“尖峰”是由芯片的电荷泵单元充放电引起的，不同的激光能量、入射位置会触发不同频率、相同幅值的电流“尖峰”现象，虽然电流“尖峰”发生的瞬间电流增大的现象与单粒子锁定效应表现一致，但机理完全不同。当激光能量足够高（对应于重离子LET值99.8 MeV·cm2/mg）时，在电荷泵的同一个敏感位置累积多次辐照不断触发芯片发生电流“尖峰”，芯片会因多次充放电而损坏。      

基于特征值分解的小天体着陆自主导航系统可观度分析

摘要： 针对非线性导航系统中状态估计可观性与导航精度之间的关系，采用基于误差方差阵特征值分解的可观度分析方法，结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法对非线性预测滤波(NPF)算法进行改进，推导改进预测滤波的误差协方差矩阵，并对其进行特征值分解.分析特征值和特征向量与导航精度的关系，以小天体探测器着陆自主导航系统为例进行仿真验证，与EKF导航精度比较的基础上验证改进的NPF算法的有效性和精确性，并分析不同误差因素(模型误差，陀螺噪声，陆标误差)对可观度的影响，为航天器实际过程中自主导航系统的滤波器设计提供参考.     

小型核反应堆自主控制及其深空探测应用设想

针对空间小型模块化核反应堆的自主控制问题，提出自主控制体系结构，降低反应堆控制对人的依赖程度，满足了深空探测任务对空间堆自主控制的需求。首先介绍了核反应堆自主控制技术和空间探测自主技术的发展现状，分析了空间小型堆的自主控制需求，然后阐释了自主控制及核反应堆近自主控制的内涵。最后基于空间堆的运行特点，给出小型堆近自主控制分层体系结构的组成元素，并进一步建立了融合决策层和功能层的小型堆多智能体自主控制体系结构。     

跌落式冲击试验台后峰锯齿冲击数值分析与试验研究

为了降低冲击试验的风险和成本,提高试验效率,文章试图构建跌落式冲击试验台后峰锯齿冲击波形库.首先建立后峰锯齿冲击响应模型并对其进行数值分析;然后设计多种规格的铅锥开展后峰锯齿冲击试验并采集试验谱形数据,完成后峰锯齿冲击波形库的构建;最后依据试验数据对冲击响应模型进行修正,得到加速度峰值以及脉宽与铅锥锥角、跌落高度的关系...     

Using only observation station data for PPP ambiguity resolution by UPD estimation

This article proposes a new method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation to improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP), which uses only observation station data. This means that the station used to generate the UPDs is the same station to which they are applied. First, dual-frequency observation equations based on a raw PPP model are developed. Then, the UPDs are calculated from integer linear combinations of float ambiguities. Third, with the UPD corrections, the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method is utilized to obtain the integer ambiguities. Since only observation station data are used for UPD estimation, the partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) method is adopted to increase the possibility of finding a subset of integer ambiguities. The UPD estimation and ambiguity resolution are performed in each epoch. To obtain the correct integer ambiguity, the ratio test and success rate (bootstrapping) are used to evaluate the estimated integer ambiguity. Finally, by treating the integer ambiguities as constants, fixed solutions can be obtained. Quality control is also applied throughout the entire data processing procedure to obtain high quality float and fixed solutions. Data from 22 stations of the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) in East Asia on day of year (DOY) 206, 2017, are used to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that compared with the float solution, the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy in the east, north and up directions by 24%, 21% and 18% for static PPP and 36%, 18% and 34% for dynamic PPP, respectively. However, the accuracy of the proposed method is still lower than that of the fixed solutions obtained by the PRIDE-PPPAR software, in which the fractional cycle bias is computed based on reference network data. These findings sufficiently show that the proposed method can offer better solution accuracy than the float solution. However, the quality of the UPDs estimated only from observation station data is not as good as that of the estimates obtained based on reference network data.     

计算机辅助功能危险评估方法研究

功能和安全一直是高风险复杂系统的关键问题。传统的功能危险评估由安全工程师手工进行分析，面对高度复杂系统时，就会变得难以完成且容易出错。解决这种问题的一个途径就是利用计算机进行辅助。为此提出一种计算机辅助的功能危险评估方法，采用状态图语言搭建系统状态模型，将功能失效影响直观地从系统状态转移图上表达出来。并且在系统状态模型的基础上，采用计算机编程快速计算出导致系统故障的失效组合以及最小割集。最后以飞机为对象证明了方法的可行性。     

火箭发动机弹翼支座氩弧焊工艺技术

在对母材焊接性及焊接结构特殊性进行分析的基础上,结合试验研究,制定出氩弧焊工艺方案及过程控制和保障措施,实现固体火箭发动机的弹翼支座与其燃烧室壳体异种材料间连接。测试结果表明,焊缝成型良好,接头区域微观组织和性能不均匀性不影响产品使用性能。生产统计数据显示,产品质量与性能稳定,承压能力显著高于设定目标,表明该型号发动机的弹翼支座TIG焊接技术具有切实的可靠性。