Automatic differentiation based discrete adjoint method for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes

A systematic methodology for formulating, implementing, solving and verifying discrete adjoint of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes is proposed. First, a general adjoint formulation is con-structed for the entire optimization problem, including parameterization, mesh deformation, flow solution and computation of the objective function, which is followed by detailed formulations of matrix-vector products arising in the adjoint model. According to this formulation, procedural components of implementing the required matrix-vector products are generated by means of auto-matic differentiation (AD) in a structured and modular manner. Furthermore, a duality-preserving iterative algorithm is employed to solve flow adjoint equations arising in the adjoint model, ensur-ing identical convergence rates for the tangent and the adjoint models. A three-step strategy is adopted to verify the adjoint computation. The proposed method has several remarkable features:the use of AD techniques avoids tedious and error-prone manual derivation and programming;duality is strictly preserved so that consistent and highly accurate discrete sensitivities can be obtained; and comparable efficiency to hand-coded implementation can be achieved. Upon the cur-rent discrete adjoint method, a gradient-based optimization framework has been developed and applied to a drag reduction problem.     

高导电硅橡胶材料的性能

首先通过平行对比了三种填充不同导电填料的硅橡胶材料的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、恒定压缩永久形变、导电性及屏蔽性能,优选出镀银铝粉作导电填料;考察了镀银铝粉用量对硅橡胶材料的拉伸强度、伸长率、压变、微观形貌、导电性能的影响,最终确定镀银铝粉的填充体积分数为55%;结合导电橡胶制品对使用寿命的需求,进一步深入研究了导电硅橡胶材料在自然平贮老化及高温加速老化下的导电性能。结果表明:随老化时间的延长,体积电阻率不断增大,导电性能减弱。自然平贮老化60 d后,材料的体积电阻率基本不变;900d后,体积电阻率由初始值4.6×10-3Ω·cm增大至7.5×10-2Ω·cm。150℃老化30 d后,体积电阻率由初始值增大至9.5×10-2Ω·cm。填充镀银铝粉的导电硅橡胶材料在两种条件下老化后均能保持高的导电性;高温加速老化对导电性能的影响大于自然平贮老化。     

基于PC/104总线和ADS7805的多路小信号实时监测系统

开发了基于PC/104总线和ADS7805的实时监测系统。该系统主要由信号转换模块、A/D转换模块、CPLD逻辑控制模块EPM7128和PC/104总线组成。它能够在板卡上实现信号的采集监测,并能通过PC/104总线与上位机通信,实现数据的存储、后端处理及显示。参考了实时数据采集处理系统的设计思想,重点阐述了系统原理及硬件、软件的设计。     

基于自调整神经元的航空发动机多变量自适应解耦控制

根据航空发动机性能控制要求, 通过分析自调整神经元及最速下降学习方法, 研究了基于自调整神经元的航空发动机多变量自适应解耦控制系统.利用自调整神经元的结构简单、各神经元之间没有权值连接及在线学习的优点, 在线整定多变量PID控制器的参数.阐明了该方法的结构和原理.并进行了航空发动机多变量自适应解耦控制系统的设计.大量的仿真结果表明, 系统具有良好的解耦特性和自适应能力.      

Development of a micro gas turbine combustor with T-type vaporizers

The study includes the experimental investigation of the evaporation performance of T-type vaporizer,mainly studied the relationship of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature with the evaporation ratio.Then,it studied the LBO(lean blow out) and combustion efficiency of the micro aero-engine combustor with T-type vaporizer on the normal pressure test rig.The inlet air condition is environmental pressure and temperature.The gas analysis method is used to study the combustion efficiency,and the inlet air temperature is 300 K,400 K and 500 K.It could be concluded that the evaporation performance is improved with the increasing of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature;the average LBO is 0.003;the combustion efficiency rises with the inlet air temperature,and it remain constant when the fuel/air ratio changed in the range from 0.008 to 0.02.The vaporization ratio is the key factor to determine the combustion performance.      

湍流模型对叶片表面换热计算的影响

为了比较湍流模型对涡轮叶片外换热计算结果的影响,采用五种湍流模型及两种壁面函数计算了NASA-MarkII导向叶片表面换热并与实验数据进行了对比,结果表明:在相同边界条件下不同湍流模型的计算结果有很明显的差别,即使是同一种湍流模型,如果采用不同的壁面处理函数其计算结果也是有很大差别的;某些湍流模型的计算值只是在某个区域较为理想,还不能找到在整个叶片表面计算结果与实验数据较为接近的湍流模型.在尚无普适性较好的湍流模型的情况下,研究在不同计算域采用不同湍流模型和壁面处理函数的计算技术,是一种较好的可行的方案.      

Study on the breakup lengths of free round liquid jets

IntroductionBreakup and atomization of roundliquidjetshad been widely used in internal combustion en-gines,gas turbines,and liquid rocket engines.Recently,with the development of scramjet en-gines and the deepening of fuel atomization re-search,it attract…     

气动外形多点优化设计研究

将优化方法中的遗传算法与高精度的CFD分析方法相结合,并将其引入到气动优化设计中.在引入实数编码机制的基础上,将遗传算法与线性加权和法结合在一起,建立了可以处理多目标优化设计问题的遗传优化模型,并应用该方法进行了翼型的多点气动外形优化设计.设计实践表明,该方法是可行的.     

用于空间站的四重冗余对接控制系统设计

针对空间站所处太空环境的特殊性、对接机构对空间站正常运行的重要性,以及对航天器可靠性要求日益增加的问题,提出在对接控制系统中增加可靠性设计,实现整个机构的高质量、平稳运转。在完成正常控制功能的基础上,在系统中采用了四重冗余的工作机制,包括主备机双热备份、自动/手动控制模式切换、自动控制关闭指令双线发送和工作模式的三取二判断,对四重冗余设计的具体判断流程进行了详细的解释。对控制系统软件进行仿真验证,结果表明：本方法设计的对接控制系统具有高可靠性和故障容错能力。     

石英挠性加速度计阻尼参数闭环检测方法

石英挠性加速度计作为一种高精度惯性测量传感器,被广泛用于航天器姿态控制及惯性导航中。在石英挠性加速度计设计时,摆组件在腔体内的阻尼系数是一项重要的参数。与摆组件的转动惯量及挠性梁刚度等参数不同,阻尼系数与摆片的表面积、摆组件工作间隙、大气压强等多种因素相关。为了获取石英挠性加速度计正常工作状态下阻尼特性参数,研究了一种基于系统闭环频率响应的阻尼系数测量方法。利用水平振动台获取石英挠性加速度计幅频特性曲线,采用最小二乘参数拟合的方法对石英挠性加速度计阻尼特性参数进行辨识。利用辨识得到的阻尼系数进行仿真,并绘制幅频特性曲线与实际采样输出比对,验证了基于系统频率响应的闭环测量方法有效可行。