一种典型C/SiC构型件的热噪声适应性试验研究

航天器结构用新型C/SiC复合材料在飞行过程中会承受气动加热和噪声复合环境,容易出现疲劳破坏,需要进行地面热噪声试验考核。针对一种典型的C/SiC蒙皮骨架构型件,利用行波管开展热噪声试验研究,对试验件、试验装置和试验方法等进行介绍。利用试验获得的有效数据揭示热噪声复合环境下该C/SiC构型件的失效模式,验证其热噪声环境适应性。     

星载天线反射面型面热变形影响因素分析

星载天线在轨运行时受到周期性的温度变化影响,天线反射面会发生热变形,影响天线增益。热膨胀系数是描述结构热变形的重要参数,并且会随温度变化;在进行结构热变形分析时若将热膨胀系数视为常数会给仿真分析带来误差。文章以抛物面天线反射面为研究对象,考虑热膨胀系数随温度的变化,针对ULE玻璃和M55层合板材料的反射面,仿真分析反射面厚度、支撑位置、选用材料等因素对星载天线反射面型面热变形的影响。结果表明,对于抛物面天线,支撑约束在中间位置时反射面型面误差最大;采用ULE玻璃的优化方案可将型面误差减小约1个数量级。实际设计中还要综合考虑质量、刚度及模态特性。     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理,优化其运行参数,针对节流装置,建立了热力学模型,讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律,对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性,进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理,分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响,并结合TVS实际应用,阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果,提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著;而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后,由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低,对于液氢,0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流,节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略,〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用;对于液氢在在轨运行工况下,考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用,同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%,推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

GNSS观测数据ZTD建模的质量控制方法

针对目前基于GNSS观测数据的对流层天顶总延迟(ZTD)模型缺乏有效质量控制手段的现状,提出了一套综合考虑数据量、网格分辨率以及模型稳定性的ZTD建模质量控制方法,并采用内华达大地测量实验室(NGL)解算的高空间分辨率GNSS对流层数据,选取了近十年德国及周边区域[47°N-55°N,5°E-15°E]183个测站的实测ZTD,对该方法进行了校验。实验结果表明:在该质量控制方法下建立的新模型精度稳定,平均均方根误差(RMS)为3.4 cm,相对于UNB3m、EGNOS、GPT2w+Saas平均改善了42.4%、35.8%、33.3%。本文提出的质量控制方法有效提升了基于GNSS观测数据的ZTD模型的性能,对于ZTD建模研究具有一定的参考价值。     

ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF TWO-BEAM STRUCTURES

The wave propagation approach is presented to research the active vibration control of two-beam structures.Considering the continuity of the generalized displacement and the equilibrium of the generalized force at the discontinuity,the wave reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated.Wave control is applied somewhere upstream or downstream to two-beam structures.Vibrations of two coupled beams per unit disturbance are investigated.The results show that wave control is efficient,and the influence of the thickness ratio of two-beam structures on control location is discussed.     

论高职毕业生职业期待的矛盾与对策

高职院校毕业生因为就业意识、动机与认知上的种种矛盾导致了职业期待的偏差,影响了就业质量,降低了职业期待吻合度。社会要开拓就业市场,加强职业教育宣传。学校要对接就业市场,加强分类指导与分层指导。毕业生要适应就业市场,做好就业心理调适。这样才能提高高职院校毕业生就业质量,满足职业期待。     

Dimensional Variation Modeling of Aircraft Compliant Part Assembly Considering Clamping Force Change

Compliant parts are widely applied to aircraft structures. Due to the ease of deformation of compliant parts in assembly,the prediction of assembly variation is especially important for assembly quality control. A dimensional variation model considering the clamping force change in assembly is proposed based on the method of influence coefficient(MIC). First,the assembly process is decomposed into several steps including positioning,clamping,joining,and spring-back. Then,the force-displacement relationship is formulated according to the varied force conditions on the parts in each assembly step. Finally,two examples are illustrated to validate the proposed assembly variation model. The results show the impact of clamping force change is significant on the assembly variation,and the proposed model can predict the assembly variation more accurately than the referred method without clamping force correction at the over-constrained locating points of fixture.     

Rotation Control of a 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism Driven by Pneumatic Muscle Actuators

The pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA) has many advantages,such as good flexibility,high power/weight ratio,but its nonlinearity makes it difficult to build a static mathematical model with high precision. A new method is proposed to establish the model of PMA. The concept of hybrid elastic modulus which is related to the static characteristic of PMA is put forward,and the energy conservation law is used to achieve the expression of the hybrid elastic modulus,which can be fitted out based on experimental data,and the model of PMA can be derived from this expression. At the same time,a 3-DOF parallel mechanism(a new bionic shoulder joint)driven by five PMAs is designed. This bionic shoulder joint adopts the structure of two antagonistic PMAs actualizing a rotation control and three PMAs controlling another two rotations to get better rotation characteristics. The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed and a new static model of PMA is used to control it.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new static model.     

超高速机械密封副离子注入与摩擦学特性研究

超高速机械动密封需满足CZ-5运载火箭伺服系统中涡轮泵可靠性及寿命指标要求。离子注入作为重要的金属材料表面改性技术,对有效改善机械密封副旋转环表面摩擦磨损特性至关重要。在对密封动环表面离子注入可行性研究的基础上,提出了对其密封副配对摩擦磨损特性进行综合验证的试验方案。通过选取常用典型石墨与旋转金属环配副进行干磨条件下的试验测试,改变线速度、端面比压,使用摩擦磨损试验机对比分析了配对摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性,系统研究了载荷和转速对密封副配对摩擦系数的影响规律,揭示其密封摩擦学特性。通过机械密封在温度应力下的工作可靠性分析以及密封副整机稳态工作性能验证,为超高速涡轮泵的寿命与可靠性试验验证提供了一个合理的、高效费比的技术途径。     

某火箭发动机故障检测及诊断算法设计分析

针对某型号液体火箭发动机故障检测及诊断软件存在瞬态段（起动段、关机段）故障检测功能缺失、故障诊断无法给出故障量大小的问题,在原软件故障诊断算法——余弦相似度分类的基础上,通过引入故障因子定量给出故障量大小,实现发动机故障诊断的定性定量分析。同时,采用基于统计学基础的包络线算法,通过Python语言对发动机瞬态段故障检测算法进行设计开发,使原软件实现发动机瞬态段故障检测功能。通过仿真试车数据对软件算法进行验证,结果表明优化后的故障诊断功能可实现故障量大小计算,基于包络线算法开发的故障检测功能提高了发动机故障检测效率。