十二表冗余捷联惯导系统数据融合技术研究

针对采用正十二面体冗余仪表构型的十二表冗余捷联惯性导航系统,通过仿真和样机试验,开展了基于最小二乘估计的数据融合算法研究。对不同故障模式下的系统精度进行了分析,并通过Monte Carlo仿真验证了数据融合算法对提高系统导航精度的有效性。设计开展了样机静态导航试验,试验结果表明,理论最优的马尔柯夫估计并不完全适用于脉冲输出形式仪表的数据融合。最后通过优化改进加权系数、构造加权矩阵,显著提升了样机的静态导航精度,使样机位置误差和姿态误差与三表直接解算相比分别降低了78.6%和77.9%。     

高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿撞击射流直接数值模拟

高压环境下的撞击射流是液体火箭推进系统中广泛采用的一种燃料雾化方法,其雾化效果将直接决定最终燃烧效率。采用直接数值模拟（DNS）工具,对10 MPa高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿直角撞击射流的三维非定常雾化特征、机理及非牛顿特性进行了研究。结果表明：高压环境下该撞击射流的雾化流场呈圆形辐射状分布并形成Mushroom头部和Ω状的局部凸起,气体中的涡量分布表现为有序贴附区和无序爆炸区两类,液膜向液丝的破碎主要受平均气体力和平均黏性力作用影响,而液丝向液滴的破碎则主要受局部流场参数影响,撞击雾化过程中液体无量纲表面积不断增长并可分为5个阶段。此外,撞击射流头部在局部强剪切力作用下其无量纲黏性系数最低降至仅0.7。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于神经网络的机动飞行器自适应控制方法

针对机动飞行器强耦合性、快时变性以及高不确定性的问题,建立了六自由度刚体运动数学模型,按照时间尺度将姿态运动模型分为快变子系统和慢变子系统并分别设计动态逆控制律。然后给出了神经网络自适应控制器的设计方法,对神经网络的逆误差补偿原理、输入的选择、权值矩阵更新规则进行分析。通过算例进行六自由度仿真,证明本文方法的跟踪精度较高。     

星用介质材料表面充放电效应试验研究

航天器表面介质材料易遭受表面充放电危害。利用30keV单能电子对几种不同的航天介质材料进行了表面充放电模拟试验,测量了不同电子通量辐照下的表面充电电位以及放电脉冲。试验结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜在接地处理不当时表面可充至千伏以上,易发生表面放电,且辐照强度越大,放电频率越高。表面镀铝的聚酰亚胺薄膜在不接地时,铝膜成为悬浮导体更加剧了放电的危害。而通过渗碳处理的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其良好的导电性能可有效抵御nA/cm~2量级电子的表面充电。聚四氟乙烯天线罩表面未进行防静电处理时,表面充电电位可达万伏量级,极易发生放电。     

大型载人空间基础设施商业化运营模式初探

为提高以空间站为代表的大型载人空间基础设施运行效率和运营效益,本文在研究国际空间站(ISS)在轨运营模式及商业化做法的基础上,针对我国现有空间基础设施的在轨运营特点、国家战略和社会商业化需求,提出了引入社会资本建立商业化运营模式和建立商业成果转化基金等建议,成立专门的商业化运营管理机构,进行统筹管理和商业化运营,探索形成一套职责清晰、高质高效、效益突出的商业化运营管理体系,既保证空间基础设施在轨健康运行,高效开展各类空间应用,又降低建设和运营成本。在孕育商业模式和创新项目促进经济社会发展的同时,也具有重要的现实意义和深远的社会效益。     

航空铆钉连接件的抗冲击性能

以分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置为基础,设计了特殊的铆接试验件,对MS20615铆钉的铆接结构开展了动态加载下不同加载角度、不同加载速率的力学性能试验。结合其准静态试验结果,获得了铆接结构在纯剪切、30°拉剪耦合、45°拉剪耦合、60°拉剪耦合和纯拉伸试验下的力学性能参数。试验结果表明,加载角度、加载速率对铆接结构的失效载荷与失效模式有显著的影响。在试验结果的基础上,使用有限元软件LS-Dyna建立了铆接结构的简化模型,对比了试验和数值模拟得到的铆接结构载荷-位移曲线,并对简化数值模型进行了网格相关性分析,验证了简化的铆钉单元模型的可行性。     

直驱风电场并网对系统静态电压稳定性的影响

风电场的大规模接入会对电网静态电压稳定性造成不容忽视的影响。以含直驱风电机组的扩展单机无穷大系统为例,通过2种静态潮流计算方法对含直驱风机的系统等值模型进行分析,推导风电接入后系统并网点母线电压的解析式。在BPA中分别建立含直驱风电机组的扩展单机无穷大系统以及实际电网系统的仿真模型,对比理论计算结果与仿真试验结果。分析并网点母线电压在不同控制方式下,风电渗透率、风机并网位置、负荷接入比例和负荷接入位置等因素对系统静态电压稳定性的影响。     

旋转爆震三维非预混混合特性及流场结构研究

为深入研究旋转爆震三维非预混流场结构,基于7组分8步反应的化学反应模型,开展了H2/Air旋转爆震流场的数值模拟研究,计算中考虑了黏性的影响。计算结果表明:该喷注结构在冷流流场中混合效果较好,能够在较短距离内实现燃料和氧化剂的充分混合,但起爆后燃烧室内形成的高压环境使得外壁面附近来流可燃气难以到达,可燃气体层主要靠近燃烧室内壁面;旋转爆震波沿燃烧室内壁面周向传播,爆震波后沿径向和周向方向形成"双诱导激波"结构,并进一步导致爆震波后出现高温区和高压区"不吻合"的流场现象;在燃烧室入口截面,爆震波后形成"三诱导激波"结构,诱导激波通过空气环缝向上游传播并对来流燃料和氧化剂的喷注产生影响。