星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

智能天线结构模糊自适应变形控制实验研究

基于dSPACE半物理仿真系统和所研制的压电作动器,设计并构建了智能天线结构实验平台,进行了结构变形控制实验研究。实验中采用常规PID作为基本控制方法,并在此基础上设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制器,将两种方法对应的不同控制效果进行了对比。结果表明:在所给的实验条件下,基于压电材料可实现对智能天线结构变形的控制,作动器控制变形量最大可达166μm;两种控制方法均可对结构变形进行控制,模糊自适应方法的绝对位置控制精度达到±0.5μm;应用模糊自适应PID控制方法对结构进行变形控制,较之常规PID控制方法能够降低系统响应的超调量,缩短稳定时间,提高控制精度,得到更好的控制过程。     

一种大容量100MHz数据采集记录系统的设计实现

本文提出一种实用的高速数据采集记录系统的设计方案,介绍该系统中各主要模块的功能与设计思路,讨论高速数据存储模块的设计,控制调度流程与高速数字电路设计相关处理方法。针对高速与大容量的数据采集特点,提出用存储速率受限的FLASH芯片来实现高速、大容量数据采集记录的设计方法。     

适用于大距离拦截问题的零控脱靶量计算方法

对于中制导后具有较长滑行距离的大气层外拦截问题，为了精确确定零控脱靶量，两飞行器间的重力差必须被合理考虑。利用牛顿二项式定理及现代控制理论推导了两飞行器间相对运动状态解析表达式，并利用牛顿迭代法计算零控脱靶量发生时刻，最后得出一种快速而又具有较高精度的预测零控脱靶量改进方法。为验证预测方法的精度，介绍了几种常见的零控脱靶量计算方法并进行了数学仿真，仿真结果表明改进的ZEM预测方法具有明显的应用优势。     

三维非结构网格DSMC并行算法及应用研究

基于PC-CLUSTER机群并行体系结构与消息传递库MPI并行环境,研究了三维非结构网格DSMC并行算法。提出一类基于结构背景网格上的非结构网格动态分区策略,保证各子区域的分子数量大致相等,实现计算进程间的动态负载平衡。利用MPI库函数构造了两类符合DSMC并行原理的通讯法:单步通讯法与多步通讯法。采用单控制多数据流(SPMD)以及Master/Slave并行模式,设计了三维非结构网格DSMC整体并行算法。给出了跟踪模拟分子在四面体网格间迁移运动的详细计算过程。最后对全尺寸航天飞机高超声速绕流进行了并行模拟,验证并行算法的有效性。     

GPS/速率陀螺组合Kalman滤波姿态确定算法研究

建立了GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态估计系统的模型，研究比较了三种典型的Kalman滤波姿态确定算法：状态扩充法、量测量求差法和时变噪声估计跟踪自适应滤波算法。给出了某航天器采用GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态确定的仿真计算结果，并对结果进行了分析。结果表明，与传统Kalman滤波算法比较，时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法和量测量求差滤波算法能较好地消除GPS测量中相关时变噪声的影响，提高姿态确定的精度；而且时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法能很好地消除由于噪声统计性能的不确定性对Kalman滤波的影响，提高姿态确定系统的性能。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。