自动铺丝用预浸丝制备工艺研究

针对预浸料特点,提出平刀与圆刀2种分切刀具形式。以分切预浸丝束宽度与边缘质量为评价标准,对比了2种刀具形式对预浸料的分切质量,研究了刀具形式、工艺参数对分切质量的影响。结果显示,由于平刀刀片薄,弯曲模量低,易发生弯曲变形,所得预浸丝束宽度稳定性差;同时,由于刃口始终固定、散热性能差,分切过程中刃口处容易发生树脂堆积,使刀片钝化,影响丝束边缘质量,无法实现对预浸料进行高质量连续式分切。而圆刀分切时,由于刀片旋转,刃口不断变化;独特的刀具形式,降低了刀片在分切过程中的侧向移动,使得圆刀分切能够获得宽度均匀,边缘质量良好的自动铺丝用预浸丝束。     

具有轨道倾角和最大高度约束的耗尽关机闭路制导

快速响应空间固体运载火箭轨道转移级以最大限度利用能量而非消耗能量为目的进行耗尽关机制导,基于椭圆轨道理论和牛顿迭代法,提出了一种适用于具有轨道、制导多种约束的耗尽关机闭路制导方法,通过实时寻找需要推力方向,充分利用轨道转移级能量,导引上面级进入具有给定轨道倾角和最大高度约束的转移轨道,同时实现耗尽关机.理论推导和数学仿真表明,本文提出的制导方法能在耗尽关机条件下实现对转移轨道的高精度控制.     

直升机燃油系统增压转自吸供油动特性

通过某型燃油系统增压供油转自吸供油试验,研究了发动机入口处的流量历程。在试验研究和直升机燃油系统增压转自吸供油机理基础上,利用Flowmaster软件建立了某典型直升机燃油系统仿真模型,仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,研究了直升机燃油系统增压转自吸供油动特性。结合仿真结果,分析了增压泵出口单向阀的弹簧预紧力、弹簧刚度对发动机入口燃油流量、压力的影响,为燃油系统零部件选型及参数确定提供参考。     

玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析

分析了玉树地震前地基电离层探测临界频率、GPS TEC和卫星探测原位等离子体参量等多个参数的扰动变化信息, 研究了不同高度异常变化的时空关联性. 分析发现, 在地震前一天的4月13日, 多个电离层参量出现同步扰动异常, 电离层临界频率f₀F₂异常相对滑动中值增大40%, 异常空间上存在从震中东南向西南漂移的特性; GPS TEC异常增强15TECU (1TECU=1016m-2)左右, 分布于震中南部经度15°范围内, 且有明显的磁共轭效应; DEMETER观测的原位氧离子密度N_i(O+) 4月13日为1-4月中最强的一天, 异常分布偏向赤道区, 但仅局限在30°-50°左右的经度范围内. 综合三个参量的异常特征发现, 无论是空间的局地性还是时间上的密切关联均反映这次电离层扰动可能与玉树地震孕育有关. 结合其他观测信息, 进一步探讨了这次地震孕育过程的地震电离层耦合机理.      

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

基于图像的经纬仪测量目标快速瞄准技术

电子经纬仪是一种高精度的测角仪器,由多台高精度电子经纬仪构成的测量系统可以实现三维坐标测量,用于对大型工业产品的几何检测。但经纬仪在测量过程中仍然需要人工瞄准目标,存在速度慢、效率低、人为因素影响大等不足。实现经纬仪自动照准目标功能将是一个新的发展方向。提出一种基于图像的自动瞄准技术,通过在经纬仪上安装一台相机获取待测目标点的图像,利用图形目标识别技术获取目标点图像坐标,依据相机与经纬仪的空间关系可以获得各目标点相对于经纬仪的初始角度,从而实现目标点的快速概略定位,理论推导及实验证明本方法能够准确有效的获得目标点的概略位置。     

航天器分离面物理嵌合机理及防护方案

在某航天器研制过程中,发现了分离面镀膜后因非冷焊因素导致不能分离的现象。为探究该现象的产生机理、影响因素和防护方案,将铝合金试片表面分别进行不处理、本色阳极氧化处理、涂覆二硫化钼处理、光亮镀金处理和光亮阳极氧化处理后,两两配合加压,高真空条件下静置一段时间后,在常温常压条件下进行分离试验,如果试片未分离,重新采用新试片在变温常压条件下静置一段时间后,进行分离试验,分析各试片表面形貌变化和元素转移等情况。试验发现未分离试片因对接面上存在大量细小的凹凸纹路彼此机械咬合引起不能分离,试片镀膜硬度和表面粗糙度是产生物理嵌合的直接原因。从而,提出了航天器无相对运动的分离面需选用硬度较大、粗糙程度较低镀层的防护措施,并通过试验进行了验证。     

静压气浮直驱转台热特性

以开发满足精密工程应用的静压气浮直驱转台为目标,研究静压气浮直驱转台结构的热稳定性.首先,分析了静压气浮直驱转台的发热-传热特性,建立了三维热特性有限元模型,计算了气浮直驱转台的温度场云图;用间接耦合的分析方法,将温度场作加载条件,进行转台热-结构耦合分析;然后,对比研究了两种直驱电机安置结构对转台热稳定性的影响,提出了静压气浮直驱转台的空气强制对流冷却方案;最后,完成了无框力矩电机后置式静压气浮直驱转台的温度场检测实验.实验结果表明,静压气浮直驱转台测试点的计算与实测温度的最大误差为1.93 ℃,稳态温度场分布计算精度较高;温度分布稳态时,气浮转台止推轴承气膜单侧间隙的变化量为0.55 μm,在空气轴承气膜设计允许的波动范围内,对轴承性能不产生明显的影响.电机后置式直驱静压气浮转台结构的热稳定性好,适合工业应用.     

Study of Solar Corona in China

Considerable progress for the study of solar corona physics has been achieved by China's space physics community. It involves the theoretical study of coronal process of solar active phenomena, solar wind origin, acceleration of solar wind and coronal mass ejections, observational and numerical study of these problems and prediction methods of solar eruptive activities (such as flares/CMEs). Here is a brief summary of the progress in this area. Main progress is put upon the following three topics: corona and solar wind, numerical method, prediction method.