变频电动机耦合电容分析与计算研究

脉宽调制(PWM)变频驱动器在提高交流传动系统效率的同时,产生的高次谐波导致共模电流显著增加。其中电动机定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容是共模电流的主要通路。准确计算定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容对于预测共模电流具有重要意义。由于电机绕组内部导线排列不规则,准确进行解析计算较为困难,将其简化为集中导体后,会导致计算精度变差。在绕组全散线模型的基础上,提出了一种简化散线建模方法,能在计算精度不变的情况下,有效地减小模型的复杂度。通过对比解析计算、全散线模型、简化散线模型和测量值,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

Behavior and functional modeling methods of doubly salient electromagnetic generators for aircraft electrical power system applications

The Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator(DSEG) is a promising candidate in aircraft generator application due to the simplicity, robustness and reliability. However, the field windings and the armature windings are strongly coupled, which makes the inductance characteristics non-linear and too complex to model. The complex model with low precision also leads to difficulties in modeling and analysis of the entire aircraft Electrical Power System(EPS). A behavior level modeling method based on modified inductance Support Vector Machine(SVM) is proposed. The Finite Element Analysis(FEA) inductance data are modified based on the experiment results to improve the precision. A functional level modeling method based on input–output characteristics SVM is also proposed. The two modeling methods are applied to a 9 kW DSEG prototype. The steady state and transient process precision of the proposed methods are proved by comparing with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the modeling time consumption, the application time consumption and the calculation resource demand are compared. The DSEG behavior and functional modeling methods provide precious results with high efficiency, which accelerates theoretical analysis and expands the application foreground of the DSEG in the aircraft EPS.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧模态转换直连式实验研究

为获得燃烧模态转换过程对超燃冲压发动机工作特性的影响,在直连式实验台上,通过液态煤油流量的线性变化,开展了飞行马赫数4.5条件下燃烧室不同工作模态的转换实验。通过对特征位置和参数的监测,实现了燃烧模态的实时判别,获得了燃烧模态转换过程对发动机性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,在燃烧模态转换过程中滞环现象明显,燃烧室压力和发动机推力性能存在突变。在燃油流量以相同的速率增加和减小过程中发生模态转换时刻的燃油当量比存在差异,分别为0.55和0.488,两个转换点燃烧室比推相差8.05%。在滞环区间内,对于同一当量比,会存在两个不同燃烧模态,对应不同的发动机推力性能。     

真实气体效应对Ma10级进气道流动的影响

为了探究高马赫数超燃冲压发动机高速飞行时真实气体效应对进气道流场的影响,仿真获得了不同气体模型下Ma10级进气道流场结构和性能。结果表明:进气道主流流场温度较低,不足以触发空气的离解反应,反应仅发生在边界层内,但反应程度较低,远未达到化学平衡状态,除了边界层温度及热载荷特性,其流场结果则更为贴近冻结流流场,因而化学非平衡模型与热完全气体模型的进气道通流流场结构和性能基本一致。而真实气体效应导致边界层特性的不同,对进气道起动特性产生影响,吸热离解反应通过对进口分离包的抑制和增大进口马赫数将进气道的再起动马赫数从9.8降低到9.4。在对进气道在宽速域应用中的钝化设计研究发现,真实气体效应虽然对前缘钝化进气道流场的压力分布和性能无明显影响,但是其能起到整体降低壁面热流的作用,不仅钝头处的热流降低了1MW/m2,通道内的热流也整体降低了0.1MW/m2。     

氦气鼓泡法获取液氢过冷度的传热传质研究

为了更好地理解氦气鼓泡获取液氢过冷度的冷却行为,优化设计冷却系统,基于集总参数法,建立了氦气鼓泡冷却系统的热力学模型,考虑了气泡界面能和压力对系统冷却效果的影响,分析了氦气注入液氢内时瞬时传热传质过程,讨论了各个影响因素。与液氢试验数据对比,热力学模型的计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明该模型可精确预测氦气鼓泡冷却液氢的热力学过程。研究了相关因素对过冷度的影响,结果表明:采用氦气鼓泡方法可将液氢过冷至三相点处;在额定工况下,氦气消耗量基本上是液氢消耗量的7倍;增加氦气鼓泡速率、降低氦气鼓泡温度、减少环境热侵、减小贮箱气枕压力,均可有效改善液氢过冷度。     

等离子体助燃下超燃支板燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

为了将支板喷注器与等离子体射流这两种促进超声速燃烧室燃烧的方式结合起来,设计了一种带有等离子体射流喷孔的支板燃烧室,并在超声速来流的条件下,针对燃料喷注总压、燃料喷注位置、等离子体射流介质、等离子体射流总压对燃烧室燃烧性能的影响进行了三维数值模拟。研究发现:增大燃料的喷注总压,燃烧室的燃烧范围明显增大,燃烧效率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在燃料喷注总压为2.0MPa时,燃烧效率达到最大值90.4%;不同的燃料喷注位置对燃烧室的燃烧范围影响较小;等离子体射流介质为O2时,燃烧效率最高,燃烧范围最广;提高等离子体射流的喷注总压,能够提升凹腔剪切层高度,有效促进燃烧,但同时也带来了更高的总压损失。     

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。