基于PTE的多雷达航迹融合算法

针对杂波背景下的多雷达航迹融合时局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的问题,提出基于目标存在概率（PTE）的航迹融合算法,提升了正确航迹率和跟踪精度。首先,通过综合概率数据关联得到单接收站的目标航迹估计集合和对应的目标存在概率。然后,在局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的条件下,基于PTE信息提出不带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。进而将前一帧的融合状态进行反馈,提出带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法

风洞试验中模型迎角的精准测量是降低阻力系数误差的重要途径之一,为此,提出了基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法。该方法通过两个单应性矩阵,获取试验过程中相机实时位姿和标记点物方空间位置坐标,应用坐标旋转关系,完成试验模型的迎角测量。数值仿真试验结果表明：迎角测量误差与待测标记点到风洞壁板间的距离偏差近似为线性关系,因此,当标记点不满足共面条件时,可根据该特点进行测量误差修正。静态标定和风洞迎角测量试验结果表明：修正系统误差后,迎角实测数据的测量准度在0.01°以内,精度不超过0.012°。本文方法易于实施,工程实用价值强。     

舰载机壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力预测与试验验证

舰载机着舰撞击对机翼盒段产生巨大的扭矩,蒙皮以剪切形式承受扭矩,这是机翼壁板的重要设计工况。为准确预测加筋壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力,采用MSC.NASTRAN软件MRIKS弧长法,将线性屈曲分析的一致模态缺陷位移作为扰动引入后屈曲分析。考虑材料和几何双重非线性,对整体加筋壁板剪切试验件的后屈曲破坏过程进行模拟、对承载能力进行预测。根据剪切试验结果,进行对比分析。结果表明：有限元模拟的加筋板初始屈曲发生在蒙皮上,长桁足够大的相对刚度使得长桁与蒙皮连接线上出现屈曲节点,随着载荷增大,加筋壁板整体"坍塌",与试验现象一致。有限元分析（FEA）得到的初始屈曲载荷与试验结果的误差为1.25%,预测的极限承载载荷与试验破坏载荷的误差为2.4%。表明引入缺陷后的MSC.NASTRAN弧长法非线性后屈曲计算能够准确预测加筋壁板剪切后屈曲承载能力,为加筋壁板剪切试验和强度设计提供了分析方法。     

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响,基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型,采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上,将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中,研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低,单位长度的球化数量增加;由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差,同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动,使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。     

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

模式识别中幂变换正态性的研究

在基于模板匹配的模式识别中,当数据呈正态分布时得到的识别效果最优。幂变换是一种将非正态分布转换为正态分布的一种有效方法,文中对幂变换技术的正态性问题进行了相关的研究,并探讨了典型分布条件下的幂变换最佳取值问题,为幂变换的应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

微型燃气轮机乙醇燃烧室点火与熄火试验

对应用于微型燃气轮机上的可再生生物质燃料乙醇燃烧室开展了试验研究,包括4种不同的供油方式,获得了常温常压进口条件下乙醇燃烧室的点火与熄火特性.研究结果表明:常温常压下采用旋流器的乙醇燃烧室的贫油点火和贫油熄火当量比的值均随空气流量的增加而减小,其点火与熄火性能优于预蒸发预混管燃烧室.      

爆震管壁面热负荷实验

在一台内径61 mm、长度1140 mm的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)上,进行了爆震管热负荷的测量计算,主要采用了两种换热模型:一是自然对流和热辐射模型;二是强迫对流模型.在两种方式下,爆震管的热负荷随频率的变化关系基本相同,即随频率升高而热负荷增大,但频率增加两倍热负荷增加却不止两倍.此外,在方式二的情况下,还得到煤油蒸发率随频率的变化关系,为PDE蒸发器设计提供参考.