斜面兜孔圆柱滚子轴承的高速防打滑特性

为解决航空发动机主轴圆柱滚子轴承的打滑问题,提出一种具有斜面兜孔结构的圆柱滚子轴承,并对其高速防打滑特性展开研究。利用Hertz接触理论及弹流润滑、流体动力润滑的经验公式,建立了滚子-内外套圈滚道、兜孔-滚子、保持架-外圈引导面的接触模型。运用多体运动学及牛顿-欧拉动力学理论,建立了轴承径向平面内的三自由度动力学模型,在此基础上,利用龙格库塔数值积分法进行了轴承的动力学数值仿真,探讨了兜孔前后壁倾角对轴承打滑的影响规律,分析了兜孔前壁倾角为5°、后壁倾角为10°下轴承的高速打滑特性,结果表明:兜孔的前后壁倾角对轴承打滑有显著影响,通过对其进行优化,可有效抑制轴承的高速打滑。     

温度场对航空发动机转子超转破裂的影响

CCAR33.27超转适航要求,分析和试验确定的超转转速,必须基于温度和温度梯度的最不利组合。因此,研究温度和温度梯度对超转破裂的影响有非常重要的意义。以某型航空发动机低压6级涡轮转子为例,采用极限应变方法开展了转子部件的超转破裂分析,对比了常温和高温（红线转速对应的温度分布）下转子关键轮盘应变分布趋势和应变增长规律、预测的超转破裂的起始位置和破裂转速等轮盘超转特性;针对超转破裂分析,提出了在高温条件下,经过常温超转破裂试验验证的方法应用的有效性条件。低压涡轮转子的分析结果也显示,红线转速对应的温度状态下,轮盘超转破裂转速比常温下显著降低,而高温下材料屈服强度的大幅降低则是破裂转速下降的主要原因。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

面向空中目标威胁评估的多传感器管理方法

为了降低在空中目标威胁评估任务中由于威胁评估结果的不准确性和传感器辐射所带来的潜在损失,提出了一种基于风险的多传感器管理方法。首先,基于部分可观马尔可夫决策过程建立了传感器管理模型;然后,给出了基于信息状态的威胁评估风险和传感器辐射风险的预测方法以量化潜在损失;接着,为获得更优的作战收益,以多步风险预测值为决策依据,以两种风险的加权和最小为优化目标建立了长期目标函数;最后,在求解目标函数时,将传感器管理问题转化为决策树搜索,设计了一种基于分支定界的标准代价搜索算法以快速获得高质量的管理方案。仿真实验表明,所提算法能够在搜索到高质量解的同时大幅减少计算时间和内存消耗;所提方法能够对风险进行准确预测,且相比于经典的传感器管理方法,所提方法具有更好的风险控制效果。     

悬臂静子间隙影响的计算分析

悬臂静子在小型涡轮喷气和涡轴发动机的轴流压气机上广泛应用,为了探讨不同条件下悬臂静子间隙的影响,在特定的环境下,分别针对常规负荷和高负荷、小轮毂比和中等轮毂比,组合成几种不同方案,计算分析了静子根部径向间隙分别为弦长的0%、0.25%、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%情况。计算结果表明:与叶栅中情况类似,在压气机中,悬臂静子同样存在一个特性上表现最优的最佳间隙;在根部未发生角区失速的大流量状态和设计状态,间隙的引入会使得特性恶化,在根部发生角区失速后的小流量状态,间隙的引入则能使得特性变优;间隙形成的泄漏流对角区分离的影响与间隙大小和角区分离程度相关;压气机设计状态负荷水平减小后,间隙的影响规律基本不变;轮毂比增大后,最佳间隙值有减小的趋势。     

基于正交试验的超声波喷丸成形工艺参数分析及弧高值预测

针对带筋板的超声波喷丸成形,采用正交试验法研究了撞针速度、撞针直径、成形轨迹间距、喷丸区域宽度对带筋板超声波喷丸成形弧高值的影响,得出最佳参数组合方案,并以此作为样本数据,建立多元回归分析数学模型。通过实验验证模型的准确性,试验数据和回归分析数据相符较好,可以用回归分析的数学模型来预测喷丸弧高值,提高工艺设计效率。     

一种基于刀口测头的内尺寸测量方法研究

随着精密机械加工复杂化程度的提高,传统量块组合填塞法或影像法测量各种柱面内尺寸已不能满足精密测量技术发展的需要,它们或对人员素质要求较高,或只能反映局部特征。本文介绍了一种基于刀口(楔形)测头的内尺寸测量方法,通过改进万能测长仪的内测钩,设计专用刀口平面组合测头,利用内外测头结合标定的方法,采用量块比较测量法实现了对柱面内尺寸的测量。并以花键环规为例,分析了测量结果的测量不确定度,通过En值的计算,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。