基于MATLAB的现代优化算法在飞行器气动外形设计中的应用

本文发展了MATLAB语言环境下的现代优化算法，包括遗传算法、模拟退火算法和基于分支联赛选择的多目标遗传算法，并用来求解高超声速飞行器气动外形参数优化问题。所研究的气动外形为带控制舵飞行器和可变弯体飞行器。在MATLAB环境下，求解了最大化升阻比的单目标优化问题和具体有两个冲突目标（最小化铰链力矩并且最大化平均操纵效率）的多目标优化问题。实际算例表明，在快速有效的气动力分析方法辅助之下，本文所发展的MATLAB现代优化算法可以在飞行器初始设计中发挥作用。本文所提供的现代优化算法是对MATLAB优化工具箱的一个有益的扩展。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

Radial velocity search for low mass companions of nearby stars

The detection of substellar companions of nearby stars is very difficult, because these objects are very faint and are located close to their bright parent stars. One way to attack this problem is to look for small periodic motion of the bright star, induced by the gravitational attraction exerted by the unseen small companion. Over the past decade stellar spectroscopy has been used by a few teams to monitor the radial velocities of several samples of stars, with a threshold for detection of companions well below the substellar limit of about 0.08 M. So far, only a few possible spectroscopic binaries have been identified where the unseen companions might be substellar.Recently, radio observers discovered that the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12 displays periodic variations in the pulse arrival times, indicating the existence of at least three unseen companions in circular orbits around the pulsar. This is the first convincing case for an extra-solar planetary system. This discovery suggests that planetary systems can form in very different situations, and therefore may prove to be common.     

《计算机组成原理》教学改革探讨

论文根据《计算机组成原理》课程在教学中存在的问题,提出从教学方法、教学手段、实践教学环节等几个方面进行改革,从而不断提高学生的动手能力和创新能力。     

结合邻域聚类分割的高光谱图像异常检测支持向量数据描述方法

支持向量数据描述方法在高光谱图像小异常目标检测中具有较好的检测性能,但是待检异常的几何形状受到约束和背景的选择具有盲目性影响检测效果,且检测需要对整幅图像进行遍历导致计算量大。提出邻域聚类分割和支持向量数据描述相结合的异常检测方法,首先利用邻域聚类方法分割图像,将几何尺寸小的分割块作为潜在异常目标;其次选择与潜在异常的形状和大小相适应的背景窗进行背景像元收集;最后采用SVDD方法从潜在异常中快速且准确地检测出异常目标。对HYMAP图像的实验结果表明,该算法提高了复杂地物背景下异常的检测性能,降低了SVDD用于高光谱图像异常检测的计算量。     

球形铝粉对低燃速丁羟推进剂燃烧特性的影响

采用静态燃烧性能测试和实验发动机动态实验等方法。研究了球形铝粉替代非球形铝 后推进剂燃速特性的变化。研究发现，含球形铝粉推进剂的低压燃烧速显著降低，而燃速压强指数明显高于含非球形铝粉推进剂，讨论了球形和非球形铝粉对推进剂燃烧过程的影响，并初步解释了含球形铝粉推进剂低压燃速的下降原因。     

发汗冷却喷管在火箭发动机上的应用

较系统地介绍了发汗冷却的机理和发汗冷却研究的发展历程，说明了发汗喷管不同研究阶段的典型结构，并重点阐述了可望很快应用于工程上的发汗喷管结构，同时列出了发汗喷管计算中关键技术－热量交换的有关数学模型和各参数的取值。指出了近期需要开展的工作。     

小型船艇仿真训练系统的设计和实现

基于VRML技术开发的高速船艇仿真训练系统是集机电、计算机技术和网络技术于一体的综合仿真训练系统，本文介绍了该系统的总体结构、系统功能、特点及相关的实现技术，并展望了该系统的应用前景。     

碳纤维湿法缠绕基体配方及成型研究

研究了碳纤维增强复合材料用湿法成型工艺、基体配方的性能和使用期。研究的HTllA、HTllB两种配方浇注体拉伸强度达到100MPa以上。模量为3．9GPa．力学性能优良。配方具有较高的耐热性。使用期大于9h，完全适用于湿法缠绕成型。缠绕的~H50mm碳纤维增强复合材料容器特性系数(Py／Ⅳ)均大于34km．纤维强度转化率(K)达到82％以上。