焊缝补强方式对大直径贮箱箱底承载性能影响

基于有限元法研究了典型10 m级直径贮箱箱底焊缝在双面对称补强、内表面补强及外表面补强三种情况下的内压承载性能。数值计算采用二维对称平面模型,考虑了筒段和短壳真实边界条件及焊缝对承载能力的影响,构建的考虑材料塑性的非线性数值分析模型准确地获得了贮箱箱底内外表面经向应力。结果表明:顶盖和瓜瓣焊缝区域是箱底的薄弱位置,使用内压下,双面对称补强的加强区内外表面经向应力差较小,结构均未进入塑性,单面补强的加强区内外表面经向应力差远大于双面对称补强,局部进入塑性,且外表面补强的加强区最大和最小经向应力差相对于内表面补强分别增加了9.7%和27.2%,变形不协调；设计内压下,箱底内外表面均有局部进入塑性,材料塑性对内外表面经向应力差有一定的缓解作用,能够显著缓解内外表面应力差造成的附加弯矩；双面对称补强优于内表面补强,内表面补强优于外表面补强,单面补强易产生附加弯矩,不利于箱底的均匀承载和变形协调。该研究结果指导了大直径贮箱箱底结构的优化设计。     

Control of a Spherical Robot: Path Following Based on Nonholonomic Kinematics and Dynamics

This paper presents the controller design for the path following of a spherical mobile robot,BHQ-1.Firstly,a desired velocity for the reference path is deduced from the kinematic model,which cannot be transformed into the classic chained form.Secondly,a necessary torque for the desired velocity is obtained based on the dynamic model.As to the kinematics,a one-dimensional function is selected to measure the two-directional tracking error,and the velocity of rolling forward is reasonably assumed to be constant;therefore the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is transformed into a single-input single-output (SISO) system.As to the dynamics,both exact dynamics and inexact dynamics with modeling error as well as bounded unknown disturbance are taken into account,based on which a proportional-derivative (PD) controller and a sliding mode controller with adaptive parameters are proposed respectively.Finally,convergence analysis and simulation results are provided to validate these controllers.     

一个超冗余度移动操作臂机器人系统的实现与运动控制

冗余度或超冗余度移动操作臂机器人可在空间站上为宇航员提供很大的帮助.对一个超冗余度移动操作臂机器人系统的设计和实现作了介绍,这个系统由一个8自由度的模块机器人和一个1自由度的电机驱动的导轨组成;对该系统的逆运动学解法进行了讨论,提出了一种基于避关节极限与位形优化的简化逆运动学控制方法;并提供了仿真和实验结果.     

直升机驾驶舱人机功效设计

直升机驾驶舱人机功效的设计主要是指有人驾驶的直升机。人机功效的设计成功与否直接影响到直升机的使用效能、驾乘安全性、可操纵性和可维修性。人机功效涉及面很广,在设计应用上它对整机及各个系统都有相关的技术要求,因此人机功效设计是一个多学科、集成的综合应用技术。本文重点就直升机驾驶舱的人机功效设计做如下探讨。     

薄翼型阵风响应的数值模拟

 采用有限体积法来数值求解非定常Euler和N-S方程，并在非定常计算中通过引入“网格速度”来计入阵风的影响，实现了对刚性薄翼型阵风响应的有效数值模拟。采用该方法来对薄翼型迎角突然增大的阵风、陡边型阵风这两种典型阵风情况下的翼型气动力响应进行了计算，结果表明：计算结果与现有的一些理论结果都符合较好，与文献中计算结果也吻合。同时通过计算也表明厚翼型的阵风响应需根据工况开展进一步的计算分析。     

机翼设计软件的完善及商用化研究

在对原有的机翼设计软件进一步完善的基础上,开发了基于Windows操作系统的设计软件工程包;通过图形用户界面实现了设计过程的菜单式选择和设计变量的模块化输入;开发了设计过程中目标压力分布的可视化修改模块,设计过程的实时显示模块,及与其它图形绘制软件的接口;提高了软件的可视化程度,使原有的机翼设计软件的商用性得到了很大的提高,探讨了国产CFD软件商用化的可行性。     

一种基于模糊遗传算法的多传感器多目标跟踪数据关联算法

基于模糊遗传算法发展了一种新的数据关联算法。数据关联的静态部分靠一个模糊遗传算法来得出量测组合序列和S-D分配的m个最优解。在数据关联的动态部分，将得到的S-D分配的m个最优解在一个基于多种群模糊遗传算法的动态2D分配算法中依靠一个卡尔曼滤波估计器估计出移动目标各个时刻的状态。这一基于分配的数据关联算法的仿真试验内容为被动式传感器的航迹形成和维持的问题。仿真试验的结果表明该算法在多传感器多目标跟踪中应用的可行性。另外，对算法发展和实时性问题进行了简单讨论。     

基于飞发一体化的滑油系统热性能仿真

航空发动机滑油系统与飞机、发动机的关联参数有限。为准确表达变工况滑油系统的热性能,通过研究发动机轴承腔热性能与转子转速及主流路温度参数的拟合关系,将主机温度、燃滑油参数作为输入,对发动机滑油系统在飞行剖面上典型飞行状态点的热性能参数进行了迭代计算;针对管壳式燃滑油散热器结构及运行特性,计算了散热器换热性能。建立轴承腔和散热器的数学模型;基于系统流动仿真平台,利用内部的二次开发环境编写出C#语言代码,开发出了适用于发动机的轴承生热模型和散热器模型,实现发动机滑油系统与发动机燃油系统及飞机热管理系统的联合计算;在航空发动机、飞机变工况输入条件下,进行滑油系统、发动机整机及飞发一体化的变工况热性能迭代计算,并与试验数据进行对比。结果表明：该计算方法误差小于5%,可较准确地反映变工况条件下的热管理相关参数,为飞发一体化热管理联合仿真分析提供可靠的数据来源。     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

立式捏合机桨叶结构参数对混合釜流场影响的仿真分析

为揭示立式捏合机桨叶几何结构参数与混合釜流场之间的关系,以1 L两桨立式捏合机为研究对象,采用计算流体力学ANSYS Fluent 14.5软件对立式捏合机进行了三维模型仿真研究,分析了桨叶结构参数(桨桨间隙、桨叶螺旋角)的改变对混合物料挤压应力和剪切应力的影响。结果表明,增大桨桨间隙可减小桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨螺旋角分别为40°、45°、50°,桨桨间隙由1.0 mm增加到3.0 mm,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均减小了82.4%、57.23%;增大桨叶螺旋角可增大桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨间隙分别为1.0、2.0 mm,桨叶螺旋角由35°增加到55°,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均增加了92.8%、55.7%。