基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法的研究

通过摩擦补偿的分析提出了一种基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法,从工程实用角度出发采用的是库仑加粘滞的摩擦模型,设计了两个观测器实现对库仑摩擦系数和粘滞摩擦系数的估计,并用MATLAB软件对转台工作状态进行了仿真,结果表明此观测器有良好的自适应补偿性能。     

激波边界层的相互作用对扰动波传播的影响

利用线性稳定性理论和直接数值模拟研究了带有入射斜激波的、来流马赫数Ma=4．5条件下的平板边界层的失稳特性。重点考察了在由于激波边界层相互干扰,平板边界层上形成分离区,又进而产生激波、膨胀波和旋涡等复杂流动现象的流场上游,引入小扰动的TS波后,扰动波传播通过带有这些复杂流动现象的流场时,扰动波的发展变化特点。通过对流场中扰动波（包括基本波和衍生波）演化特征的分析,研究分离和激波等复杂流动现象对平板边界层稳定性的影响特点。数值模拟发现,激波的出现不同于一般的压缩波,在亚声速区与超声速区对扰动波演化的影响是不同的,此外,分离对扰动有稳定作用。     

液体火箭发动机推力室冷却通道传热优化计算

采用标准K-ε两方程湍流模型对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却通道三维湍流流动与传热过程进行了数值预测，冷却工质为氢气，其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化，通过两种优化方案来改变推力室冷却通道的深宽比。方案一为保持冷却通道的深度及肋宽不变，通过改变推力室壁面通道个数来改变通道的深宽比，方案二为保持通道数目不变，通过增加或降低通道高度来改变通道的深宽比。以此计算在不同通道深宽比下推力室壁面的传热特性，并进行了优化分析。计算结果表明：存在着一个最佳冷却通道个数，使得推力室壁面再生冷却效果达到最佳；在相同质量流量下，降低通道高度能够强化推力室传热，但同时增加了进出口压差。     

钼-铌合金原料品质对单晶制备的影响

主要讨论了钼-铌合金原料品质,包括烧结条的制备、原料的化学成分、原料棒的尺寸规格等对单晶制备的影响。结果表明:高温真空烧结钼-铌合金烧结条由于C、O等杂质含量过高,在20 kW电子束悬浮区域熔炼炉上区域熔炼时未能直接生长制备出单晶,但其经过两次电子束熔炼获得的Ф(12~17)mm原料棒C元素质量分数降为6.3×10-3%、O元素质量分数降低了近2个数量级,仅为1.4×10-3%,能稳定地生长制备出Ф31 mm×735 mm的大尺寸钼-铌合金单晶,而直径超过Ф18 mm或小于Ф11 mm原料棒在区域熔炼时未能获得钼-铌合金单晶。     

综合模块化航电软件仿真测试环境研究

 伴随着综合模块化航空电子(IMA)软件在新一代飞机上的应用,其高复杂性、高度综合的特点以及分层的健康监控和故障管理模式给软件测试提出了挑战。传统的仿真测试环境在应对IMA软件测试中难以满足RTCA DO-178B中规定的对验证过程结果的验证的要求。本文在分析IMA软件特点的基础上,根据DO-178B的要求,综合国外的发展情况和国内的研究进展情况,研究综合模块化航电软件仿真测试环境需求,提出了基于软件故障注入的综合模块化航电软件灰盒仿真测试环境方案,并给出优势分析。该仿真测试环境方案以IMA软件为测试对象,应用软件故障注入技术和代码插装技术满足测试规范文件的要求。其具有通用灵活、适配性强、强实时性等特点,为中国新一代航电软件的系统验证和测试奠定了基础。     

A joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law for multi-missile salvo attack

Salvo attacking a surface target by multiple missiles is an effective tactic to enhance the lethality and penetrate the defense system. However, existing cooperative guidance laws in the mid-course or terminal course are not suitable for long- and medium-range missiles or stand-off attacking. Because the initial conditions of cooperative terminal guidance that are generally generated from the mid-course flight may not lead to a successful cooperative terminal guidance without proper mid-course flight adjustment. Meanwhile, cooperative guidance in the mid-course cannot solely guarantee the accuracy of a simultaneous arrival of multiple missiles. Therefore, a joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law is developed. By building a distinct leader-follower framework, this paper proposes an efficient coordinated Dubins path planning method to synchronize the arrival time of all engaged missiles in the mid-course flight. The planned flight can generate proper initial conditions for cooperative terminal guidance, and also benefit an earliest simultaneous arrival. In the terminal course, an existing cooperative proportional navigation guidance law guides all the engaged missiles to arrive at a target accurately and simultaneously. The integrated guidance law for an intuitive application is summarized. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can generate fast and accurate salvo attack.     

Model reference adaptive control with smooth switching scheme for piecewise linear systems and its application in turbofan engine control

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with smooth switching scheme was proposed for piecewise linear systems, and the method was utilized in turbofan engine control to avoid the discontinuity of control input. In this scheme, each sub-region of the operating envelope had its own MRAC controller, and smooth indicator function based smooth switching scheme was introduced to switch multiple controllers smoothly at the boundary of adjacent sub-regions. The Lyapunov stability analysis indicated that the proposed smooth switching scheme can guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system during the controllers switching. The tracking error system was converted into a switched system to analyze the global stability of the closed-loop system. The advantage of the method was that the chattering of system output and instability caused by asynchronous switching can be eliminated. The simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with the existing MRAC controller with gain scheduling for turbofan engine.      

Aerodynamic optimization design of general parameters for cycloidal propeller in hover based on surrogate model

A surrogate-model-based aerodynamic optimization design method for cycloidal propeller in hover was proposed, in order to improve its aerodynamic efficiency, and analyze the basic criteria for its aerodynamic optimization design. The reliability and applicability of overset mesh method were verified. An optimization method based on Kriging surrogate model was proposed to optimize the geometric parameters for cycloidal propeller in hover with the use of genetic algorithm. The optimization results showed that the thrust coefficient was increased by 3.56%, the torque coefficient reduced by 12.05%, and the figure of merit (FM) increased by 19.93%. The optimization results verified the feasibility of this design idea. Although the optimization was only carried out at a single rotation speed, the aerodynamic efficiency was also significantly improved over a wide range of rotation speeds. The optimal configuration characteristics for micro and small-sized cycloidal propeller were: solidity of 0.2-0.22, maximum pitch angle of 25°-35°, pitch axis locating at 35%-45% of the blade chord length.      

盖板式预旋系统的压比和熵增特性

对预旋系统内的压力变化相关研究较少。基于理论分析、实验测量以及数值计算,对某盖板式预旋系统的压比及熵增特性进行研究。通过理论推导,对预旋系统内压比与无量纲温降的关系进行分析。在最高转速可达10000r/min的高转速实验台上,测量了转盘上的气流静压以及相对总温,进而获得压比及熵增特性。进行三维数值计算,将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,并根据数值计算结果对预旋系统内的熵产分布以及各元件的熵增情况进行分析。结果表明:系统温降以及旋转马赫数大小决定了预旋系统的理想最大压比,而实际压比与理想压比的比值取决于系统内的熵增大小。采用数值计算以及实验测量所得结果对理论关系式进行了验证,最大偏差2.7%。旋转马赫数一定的条件下,随系统无量纲温降增大,系统压比逐渐减小。由于熵增影响,实测压比与理想压比最大相差约36%。预旋系统内的熵增主要发生在预旋腔静止壁面、接受孔前后、供给孔进口等气流旋转比发生剧烈变化的区域。预旋系统内主要元件的熵增随流量增大都呈逐渐增大的趋势,但接受孔处熵增最小值出现在喷嘴出口旋转比等于1左右时,流量过小或过大都会导致接受孔处熵增变大。     

新型磁悬浮振动陀螺的设计与分析研究

振动陀螺是一种利用哥氏效应检测角速度的传感器,其谐振子的结构精度和阻尼均匀性限制了陀螺性能的提升。为减小谐振子结构与支撑锚点的影响,提出了一种全新概念的磁悬浮振动陀螺。该陀螺利用电磁悬浮的方法将谐振子悬空,从而简化了谐振子为无支撑锚点的集中质量块,降低了其结构精度要求,消除了机械结构阻尼,最终达到提升陀螺性能的目的。基于经典振动陀螺模型,理论分析了磁悬浮振动陀螺的基本工作原理,并说明了谐振子误差对陀螺性能的影响规律,设计了新型磁悬浮振动陀螺的结构,并对该结构的磁感应强度进行了仿真分析。仿真结果证明,悬浮质量块振动稳定,具有较好的磁场均匀性。最后对陀螺样机进行了测试,其固有频率为20Hz,标度因子约为1.6mV/[(°)/s],测试结果验证了所提磁悬浮振动结构的陀螺效应。