燃气涡轮发动机的状态监控与故障诊断

 为了提高燃气涡轮发动机的可靠性,耐久性并降低直接使用成本,近年来发展了发动机状态监控与故障诊断系统。大量试验和使用经验证明了这个系统的有效性。目前,该系统已在航空燃气轮机,工业燃气轮机和车辆用燃气轮机上广泛应用。 本文介绍了这个系统的功能,技术要求,并着重介绍了用气动热力参数,振动和滑油分析进行状态监控及故障诊断的原理及其应用。最后,文章讨论了今后发展中的问题。     

COS-B views on the diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission and some point sources

The correlation between diffuse galactic gamma rays and gas tracers is studied using the final COS-B database and H i and CO surveys covering the entire galactic plane. A good quantitative fit to the gamma rays is obtained, with a small galacto-centric gradient in the gamma-ray emissivity per hydrogen atom. The average ratio of H₂ column density to integrated CO temperature is determined, the best estimate being (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10² molecules cm^–2 (K km s^–1)^–1. Strictly taken, this value is an upper limit. The corresponding mass of molecular hydrogen in the inner galaxy, derived using both 1st and 4th quadrants, is 1.0 × 10⁹ M .The softer gamma-ray spectrum towards the inner galaxy found in previous work can be attributed to a steeper emissivity gradient at low energies and/or to a softer gamma-ray spectrum of the emission distributed like molecular gas. A steeper emissivity gradient at low energies could be related to cosmic-ray spectral variations in the Galaxy, to different distributions of cosmic-ray electrons and nuclei, or to a contribution from discrete sources. A softer spectrum for the emission associated with molecular clouds may be physically related to the clouds themselves (i.e., cosmic-ray spectral variations) or to an associated discrete source distribution.New results on the temporal and spectral characteristics of the high-energy (50 MeV to 5 GeV) gammaray emission from the Vela pulsar are presented. The whole pulsed flux is found to exhibit long-term variability. Five discrete emission regions within the pulsar lightcurve have been identified, with the spectral characteristics and long-term behaviour being different. These characteristics differ significantly from those reported earlier for the Crab pulsar. However, geometrical pulsar models have been proposed (e.g., Morini, 1983; Smith, 1986) which could explain many of these features.     

A design procedure for the phase-controlled parallel-loadedresonant inverter

High-frequency-link power conversion and distribution based on a resonant inverter has been recently proposed. The design of several topologies is reviewed and a simple approximate design procedure is developed for the phase-controlled parallel-loaded resonant inverter. This design procedure seeks to ensure the expected benefits of resonant conversion and is verified by data from a laboratory 2.5 kVA, 20-kHz converter. A simple phasor analysis is introduced as a useful approximation for design purposes. Experimental results show that under transient conditions such as load short-circuit, a reversal of the expected commutation sequence is possible. This should be accounted for in the design of the power circuit, or prevented by the design of the controller     

Frequency estimation techniques for high dynamic trajectories

A comparison is presented of four different estimation techniques applied to the problem of continuously estimating the rapidly varying parameters of a sinusoidal signal, observed in the presence of additive noise. Frequency estimates are emphasized, although phase and/or frequency rate are also estimated by some of the algorithms. These parameters are related to the velocity, position, and acceleration of the maneuvering receiver or transmitter. Estimated performance at low carrier-to-noise ratios and high dynamics is investigated for the purpose of determining the useful operating range of an approximate maximum likelihood estimator, an extended Kalman filter, a cross-product automatic frequency loop and a phase-locked loop. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate performance while tracking a common trajectory exhibiting high dynamics     

过氯酸铵粒度对丁羟复合固体推进剂侵蚀燃烧的影响

用透明窗发动机及高速摄影装置研究过氯酸铵粒度对丁羟复合固体推进剂侵蚀燃烧的影响,得出了不同过氯酸铵粒度推进剂的侵蚀比与气流速度及压力的关系式.结果表明,复合推进剂中过氯酸铵粒度越大,其燃速对气流速度和压力越敏感,即侵蚀越严重;过氯酸铵粒度越大,其侵蚀界限速度越小,即其越易发生侵蚀;每种过氯酸铵粒度的推进剂,其侵蚀界限速度均随压力的增大而减小.     

变唇口型总压畸变流场的模拟技术

本文对变唇口型总压畸变流场模拟技术进行了试验研究。一方面总结分析了各种唇口几何参数对总压分布谱图和总压脉动紊流度的影响, 从而将这些一般的规律应用于特定总压分布谱图, 总压脉动紊流度及其畸变指数的模拟。另一方面, 对给定的二个不同类型的总压畸变流场进行模拟, 所模拟的稳态周向总压畸变指数, 平均总压脉动紊流度和最大瞬时畸变指数均能达到规定偏差的要求。      

前台阶流场的传热实验研究

本文尝试用瞬态实验方法, 在卢德威格风洞实验台上, 对小台阶高度 (H=4.0mm)的前台阶二维流场进行传热实验研究, 测定了当雷诺数为 11800至32200时的流场内热流通量和努谢尔特数的变化规律以及努谢尔特数随雷诺数变化的准则关系式。实验结果是令人满意的。      

高压压气机叶栅的高速模型和低速模型的相似变换准则

本文以相似理论为基础,从线性小扰动方程、跨音小扰动方程和全扰动势方程出发,推导出一组在进口马赫数不同时,保持两组叶栅气动力相似的变换准则。变换涉及跨音与亚音,跨音和不可压,亚音与不可压及其全扰动的情形。应用二维和准三维无粘数值计算方法进行数值验证,证明了变换关系在无粘下的正确性。文中使用了局部线化概念和一些假设,其合理性一并由数值试验得到证实。本文在理论和数值试验上为压气机叶栅的高速模型和低速模型之间的相似变换提供了必要的基础。      

毫米波鳍线平衡混频器研究

 本文研究了一种八毫米波段平衡混频器的工程设计方法,并给出了实验测试结果。在针对实际电路结构建立起等效电路模型后,采用最优化方法对电路结构参量作了优化。对实际制做的混频器性能作了初步测试,最佳双边带噪声系数约为6dB(其中包括1.4dB中放噪声贡献在内)。