Flow of a water jet into vacuum

At certain intervals excess water has to be dumped into space overboard of the Spacelab cabin. For the development of a useful nozzle the behaviour of a water jet flowing into vacuum was investigated experimentally and theoretical interpretations of the flow phenomena which were found are given. The influence of parameters like the shape of the nozzle, the temperature and the gas content of water were studied. At certain test conditions, the jet leaves the nozzle exit in bundled form and ends abruptly bursting into droplets and ice-particles. The “bursting”-mechanism is explained by a sudden boiling of the water in the jet causing the growth of vapor bubbles decomposing the jet. The formation of vapor bubbles is initiated by a superheating of the water of the jet caused by a sudden pressure drop and a cooling at the surface of the jet. The expansion of vapor bubbles in the jet is retarded by surface tension forces which results in a relaxation time for the bursting of the jet. The vapor flow in radial directions of the jet is approximately described by a plane radial source flow. The measurement of the pitot-pressure radially to the jet proves that the vapor flow is supersonic.     

Interaction onde de choc-couche limite laminaire sur un corps de revolution en rotation

(Shock Wave-Laminar Boundary Layer Interaction on a Spinning Axisymmetric Body)—A method is developed to predict the shock wave-laminar boundary layer interaction on an axisymmetric body spinning in axial flow. The integral scheme of Lees, Reeves and Klineberg is used. The Falkner Skan “type” equations is then established for the boundary layer on spinning cylinder and used to construct the polynomial representation of the integral quantities. The independence of the polynomials with respect to the spinning rate is demonstrated. A cylinder of 200 mm diameter with a flare is built and tested up to 5000 rmp in wind tunnel at M = 2.21. The pressure measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The rotation induces the decreasing of the pressure level and boundary layer separation inside the interaction region.     

Soviet proposals on the militarization of space

The USSR has submitted several proposals to the United Nations in recent years which are aimed at avoiding the militarization of outer space. This article examines three of the proposals and evaluates them in the context of existing treaties, to see whether or not they could resolve the political and legal problems which might arise. The reactions of the United Nations General Assembly and individual nations are also considered. The author concludes that several questions regarding the military aspects of space activity are left unresolved by the Soviet proposals.     

航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC

简要介绍了成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念；对像质和像质差异的表征和度量、成像系统性能的表征等予以说明；重点探讨航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC问题，并给出讨论结果。     

自由—自由结构振动模态的一阶导数

空间飞行器和车辆等一大类结构属于自由—自由结构。本文讨论这类结构的振动模态－阶导数计算问题，提出了一种改进的截尾模态展开法，将未知模态对模态导数的贡献用已知模态和系统矩来表达。针对刚度阵奇异问题，提出了移位措施，通过选择的移位系数，不仅解决了奇异问题，而且加速了算法的收敛速度。给出了一个数值例子，算例表明本文方法十分有效。     

稀疏孔径成像系统发展概况

介绍了稀疏孔径成像系统的发展现状。重点介绍了系统的成像原理和种类，国外的研究进展以及系统实现的关键技术和应用前景。     

二硝酰胺铵(ADN)球形化工艺研究

介绍了近年来国外关于二硝酰胺铵（ADN）球形化的工艺方法，重点讨论了中间介质、分散剂、表面活性剂和热稳定剂的作用及其选择方法。     

CZ-4A运载火箭姿态控制系统设计与飞行试验

本文介绍长征四号A(CZ-4A)运载火箭姿态控制系统,内容包括: a 姿态控制系统方案和组成; b 数字控制系统设计采用的数学方法; c 数字自动驾驶仪的设计; d 箭上计算机调零; e 姿态控制伺服系统; f 首发CZ-4A运载火箭控制系统飞行结果。在CZ-4A运载火箭姿态控制系统方案中,数字式自动驾驶仪,双向摇摆发动机伺服系统和计算机调零方案均是国内首次使用,由于这些新技术的采用,使CZ-4A控制系统具有高的精度,大的适应能力,是大型运载火箭姿态控制系统中较好的方案。     

Vibration and pulsation processes in feed systems of liquid rocket engines

Pulsation and vibration process in high speed centrifugal pumps and feed lines were investigated. Linear and quadratic relations between pulsation parameters and main factors were obtained. The investigation of turbopump low frequency oscillations showed that the intensity of pulsations is proportional to the pump specific linear size. Linear mathematic models with lumped parameters fairly well demonstrate the vibration influence on low frequency flow pressure vibrations in pumps and feed lines. It is shown that, in some conditions, the pressure oscillation amplitude distribution by the vibrating feed lines length may be characterized by the presence of a node in an intermediate section. A one-dimensional mathematic model based on wave equations proved to be suitable for calculations of vibration and pulsation parameters within a wide frequency range.     

燃气蒸汽式发射系统内弹道若干问题研究

通过对燃气蒸汽式发射动力系统的研究，总结出影响内弹道计算精度的若干因素，并就其中几个影响较大的问题进行了详细的分析，开发研制出了一套用于预估内弹道性能的系统化程序。通过实验数据的比较，验证了适用于内弹道计算的数学物理模型，为燃气蒸汽式发射系统设计提供参考依据。