钟滑动辅助GNSS定位算法研究

针对GNSS卫星星座几何形状不好或者观测卫星数量不足,无法为导航解算和自主完好性监测提供足够观测量的问题,提出采用GNSS接收机时钟观测值进行辅助定位,提高定位精度,实现自主完好性监测。通过对接收机时钟建模,引入本地钟的钟差方程、辅助接收机观测方程,从而建立了一套完整的钟滑动辅助定位算法。通过对采集的真实数据作计算机仿真,证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明,在卫星星座几何形状较差或者某颗卫星出现故障时,利用钟差辅助算法能够有效地排除故障星,得到较好的定位结果。     

基于AHP层次分析和模糊评判的教学质量评价

通过层次分析法建立评价体系的层次排序,以此建立教学质量评价的模糊综合评判模型,之后利用模糊评判法对教师教学质量进行综合得分评价,实现学院教学评价管理的科学性和合理性。     

Passive tracking scheme for a single stationary observer

While there are many techniques for bearings-only tracking (BOT) in the ocean environment, they do not apply directly to the land situation. Generally, for tactical reasons, the land observer platform is stationary; but, it has two sensors, visible and infrared, for measuring bearings and a laser range finder (LRF) for measuring range. There is a requirement to develop a new BOT data fusion scheme that fuses the two sets of bearing readings, and together with a single LRF measurement, produces a unique track. This paper first develops a parameterized solution for the target speeds, and then heading, prior to the occurrence of the LRF measurement, when the track is unobservable. At, and after the LRF measurement, a BOT, formulated as a least squares (LS) estimator, then produces a unique LS estimate of the target states. Bearing readings from the other sensor serve as instrumental variables in a data fusion setting to eliminate the bias in the BOT estimator. The result is an unbiased and decentralized data fusion scheme. Results from two simulation experiments have corroborated the theoretical development and show also that the scheme is optimal.     

Predicting and adapting satellite channels with weather-induced impairments

Efficiency improvements using predictive and adaptive methods over satellite channels with weather-induced impairments are presented. Scintillation and rain attenuation are the two dominant factors for signal fading over satellite-Earth paths at operating frequencies over 10 GHz. We develop statistical and spectral analyses of these processes, and obtain simple linear predictors for received signal attenuation using autoregressive (AR) models. For adaptation, we propose changing signal transmission power, modulation symbol size, and/or code rate as the state of the channel changes. In particular, we introduce a continuous power control and discrete rate control strategy. Quantitative analyses of power consumption and channel capacity indicate that there can be a substantial gain in performance with such adaptive schemes.     

脉冲激光刻蚀作用下冷喷涂沉积过程数值模拟

脉冲激光会烧蚀材料形成表面微纳结构,研究该刻蚀作用下的冷喷涂沉积过程,以提高表面修复质量与效率。首先,结合脉冲激光作用过程与实验观测结果建立了单/多粒子与基板的沉积模型;其次,运用热-结构耦合算法对存在表面微纳结构时的粒子/基板碰撞过程开展数值模拟,研究了脉冲激光刻蚀作用对冷喷涂材料沉积过程的影响;最后,分析了脉冲激光-冷喷涂复合修复过程中材料的沉积机理。结果表明,刻蚀作用形成的微纳结构使得粒子与基板的温度分布更加均匀,形变更加复杂,特别是碰撞中心区域的形变得到显著提升;且粒子碰撞在基板表面微纳结构的波峰处时应变、温升最大,波谷处时最小;脉冲激光-冷喷涂的沉积机理为塑性射流处的机械-物理结合与激光熔化区的冶金焊合。     

发散孔纵向波纹隔热屏气膜冷却特性

对燃烧室内开有发散孔的纵向波纹隔热屏进行了数值模拟.研究隔热屏的四种结构参数开孔率、波纹板高度、孔径和冷却通道高度的改变对隔热屏冷却效果的影响.研究表明:在气膜孔出流总量相同的情况下,3%开孔率比6%开孔率的隔热屏平均冷却效率较高;波纹板高度对隔热屏冷却效果影响较大,波纹板无量纲高度为1%比波纹板无量纲高度为2%和3.33%的隔热屏平均冷却效率高;孔径和冷却通道高度的改变对隔热屏冷却效果几乎没有影响.      

脉冲射流冲击平直表面的对流换热实验

利用红外热像仪测试了脉冲频率为10 Hz和占空比为50%的脉冲射流冲击平直表面的对流换热特性,在射流雷诺数为5 000~20 000、冲击间距比为2~8的范围内,与连续射流冲击换热进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,脉冲射流冲击对流换热系数依然具有随射流雷诺数增加而提高、沿径向急剧降低等基本特征,但是与连续射流相比,脉冲射流冲击引起的射流驻点和壁面射流区的对流换热存在差异,其影响与射流雷诺数和射流冲击间距密切相关;一般而言,在较大的射流冲击间距比下,脉冲射流体现出传热增强的效果,随着射流雷诺数的增加,脉冲射流较连续射流的优势更为明显;而在小射流冲击间距比下,连续射流则更具优势,在Re=20 000下仅当以3倍以上射流管直径作为区域半径进行平均时,脉冲射流才具有略高于连续射流冲击换热的作用效果。     

Design of SIMO Excitation Controllers for Synchronous Generators

Stabilization of synchronous generator oscillations is investigatedby using a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) excitation controller.The feedback signals which are most effective for the damping ofelectromechanical oscillations are selected based on the participationfactors of various signals. In order to improve the dampings ofpoorly damped oscillation modes, the eigenvalues associated withthese modes are shifted to certain prespecified locations by adjustingthe parameters of the excitation controller. Time domain simulationresults are also presented to show the validity of the proposedmethod.     

Solution and performance analysis of geolocation by TDOA

One method of geolocation is based on measuring the time difference of arrivals (TDOAs) of a signal received by three or four geostationary satellites. The received signals are cross-correlated to determine the TDOAs and a set of nonlinear equations are solved to produce the location estimate. An exact solution for the transmitter position is derived for the three or four receiver cases. Extension of the solution method to more receivers is straightforward. An analysis of the performance of the system is given, together with expressions for predicting the localization mean-square errors (MSEs) and bias, and the Cramer-Rao bound. Both precision in TDOA measurements and the relative geometry between receivers and transmitter affect the localization accuracy. The geometric factors act as multipliers to the TDOA variance in the bias and MSE formulae. A study of the dependency of the geometric factors on transmitter position and satellite spacings are provided, as well as simulation results     

Direction finding with a four-element Adcock-Butler matrix antennaarray

The conventional analog Adcock-Butler matrix (ABM) antenna array direction finder suffers from systemic errors, component matching problems, and bandwidth limitations. Three digital bearing estimators are developed as candidates to replace the analog signal processing portion of the ABM. Using the same antenna array, they perform all signal processing in the frequency domain, thereby benefitting from the computational efficiency of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The first estimator requires two analog-to-digital converters (A-D) and three antenna elements. It multiplies the difference between the discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of the output signals from two antenna elements with that from a third antenna element. At each frequency component, the phase of this product is a function of the bearing. A weighted least squares (LS) fit through all the phase components then gives a bearing estimate. The second estimator is similar to the first but uses three A-D and all four antenna elements. The output signal from the additional antenna element provides an independent estimate of the weights for the LS fit, giving an improvement in accuracy. The third estimator applies the physical constraint existing between the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of a signal intercepted by two perpendicular sets of antenna elements. This yields a better estimator than simple averaging of the bearing from each set of antenna elements. The simulation studies used sinusoids and broadband signals to corroborate the theoretical treatment and demonstrate the accuracy achievable with these estimators. All three direction finders have superior performance in comparison with the analog ABM