“AP/HTPB/Al/催化剂”推进剂燃烧模拟计算方法

本文以我们在文献[1～4]中提出的“AP/HTPB/Al”推进剂燃烧模型为基础,首先讨论了催化剂作用部位与推进剂燃速、压力指数变化的关系,然后引入一个催化剂作用因子B.并以二茂铁系列催化剂为例,对模型中的几个与二茂铁催化剂作用部位相连系的反应动力学参数作“催化作用因子”校正,计算研究了四种二茂铁催化剂用量对燃速、压力指数的影响规律.计算结果与实验符合得很好,相对误差均小于±10%,证明本文提出的模拟计算方法具有较高的可靠性.     

塞式喷管气动特性与性能研究

对6单元瓦状塞式喷管、6单元圆转方内喷管塞式喷管和1单元直排塞式喷管进行了实验和数值模拟研究.实验表明,3个塞式喷管具有良好的高度补偿特性和较高的效率,6单元瓦状塞式喷管和1单元直排塞式喷管在设计高度的效率接近100%;由于内喷管型面不够理想和加工时存在的缺陷,6单元圆转方内喷管塞式喷管的设计点效率在95%左右.数值模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好,结合实验和数值模拟分析了外界反压对气流,进而对底部气动特性的影响.实验研究了底部二次流流量变化对性能的影响.     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

An Introduction to CMEs and Energetic Particles

Energetic particle observations in the interplanetary medium provide fundamental information about the origin, development and structure of coronal mass ejections. This paper reviews the status of our understanding of the ways in which particles are energised at the Sun in association with CMEs. This understanding will remain incomplete until the relationship between CMEs and flares is determined and we know the topology of the associated magnetic fields. The paper also discusses the characteristics of interplanetary CMEs that may be probed using particle observations.     

缝合复合材料弹性常数细观力学模型的分析比较

对近几年来公开发表的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学模型进行了分析比较。通过计算对比了铺层纤维面内弯折、正弦波状弯曲、多项式描述纤维弯曲三个典型的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学分析模型。结果表明,采用面内纤维弯折假设的弹性常数分析模型对缝纫参数的改变不敏感;采用面内纤维弯曲假设的模型对缝纫参数改变敏感,不同模型得到的弹性常数随缝纫参数变化趋势几乎是相同的。但是,假设纤维在针脚附近只有部分纤维发生弯曲比假设纤维全部发生弯曲得到的结论更合理。     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.     

Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛和对称分析

近年来,Hamilton正则方程半解析法在工程问题上的应用越来越广泛,但至今未见有关这种方法收敛性和对称性问题研究的文献。基于Hamilton正则方程的半解析法理论,通过变分原理详细推导了Hamiltonian元素的固支和简支边界公式及对称边界公式。多个实例的数值研究表明：随着网格加密,Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛速度快于一般传统位移有限元法,对称解法的效率明显优于整体解法。     

涡流管结构参数对其性能的影响

用实验方法研究了热端管管长、分离室直径、冷孔板孔径等主要结构参数对涡流管的制冷制热性能的影响。实验中以空气为介质分别对不同结构参数涡流管的性能进行了研究,得出了热端管管长、分离室直径以及冷孔板孔径等参数对涡流管制冷制热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一定范围内增加热端管长度有利于涡流管的能量分离;在大冷流率下,大直径涡流管的制冷性能优于小直径涡流管;冷孔板孔径愈小,涡流管的制冷制热效应都愈好,在冷孔板孔径与热端管内径之比为50%时,取得最佳的制冷制热效应。      

冷却剂不同流动方式对膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热的影响

为了解液体火箭发动机膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热特性,对某一参考发动机推力室和另外两种面积比的膨胀循环推力室建立三维计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法,考察冷却剂的温升、冷却通道压降以及推力室内壁面温度和热流密度的分布情况.重点比较了不同燃烧室圆柱段长度、冷却剂不同流动方式以及不同面积比对以上结果的影响.计算过程中采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程.计算结果表明:采用逆流冷却时,通过加长推力室圆柱段长度使推力室受热面积增加70%后,冷却剂温升提高了一倍左右;对膨胀循环推力室进行再生冷却时,采用顺流冷却要比逆流冷却的冷却通道压降低,但同时冷却剂温升也较低,并且对喉部壁面的冷却效果较差.