Galileo Probe Measurements of D/H and 3He/4He in Jupiter's Atmosphere

The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer measurements in the atmosphere of Jupiter give D/H = (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10-5 3He/4He = (1.66 ± 0.05) × 10-4These ratios supercede earlier results by Niemann et al. (1996) and are based on a reevaluation of the instrument response at high count rates and a more detailed study of the contributions of different species to the mass peak at 3 amu. The D/H ratio is consistent with Voyager and ground based data and recent spectroscopic and solar wind (SW) values obtained from the Infrared Spectroscopic Observatory (ISO) and Ulysses. The 3He/4He ratio is higher than that found in meteoritic gases (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-4. The Galileo result for D/H when compared with that for hydrogen in the local interstellar medium (1.6 ± 0.12) × 10-5 implies a small decrease in D/H in this part of the universe during the past 4.55 billion years. Thus, it tends to support small values of primordial D/H - in the range of several times 10-5 rather than several times 10-4. These results are also quite consistent with no change in (D+3He)/H during the past 4.55 billion years in this part of our galaxy.     

Introduction

Space Science Reviews -     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WINGS

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＡＢＯＵＴＴＨＥＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹＡＥＲＯＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＷＩＮＧＳＹｕＸｉｎｚｈｉ；ＹａｎｇＹｏｎｇｎｉａｎ；ＷｕＺｅ（Ａｉｒｃｒａ．ｆｔＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＤｅｐａ...     

涡轮叶栅叶型损失的数值模拟方法

给出了一个计算亚、跨音涡轮叶栅叶型损失的数值计算方法。主流采用时间推进有限体积法求解积分型欧拉方程,并采用了局部网格修正技术;附面层采用全隐格式求解有限差分方程;在叶栅出口与远后方均匀流之间进行了叶片尾迹与主流的掺混损失计算。算例表明本文的数值方法可准确地预测涡轮叶栅的叶型损失。     

空间环境下的有机热控涂层

本文综述了国外在空间有机热控涂层领域中的研究工作和试验，着重分析了空间极端环境中紫外光辐照和原子氧侵蚀这两大因素对有机热控涂层的影响。     

飞机结构环境谱初探

本文给出环境谱的定义及编谱的基本方法。对总体气候/化学环境因素的分布和随时间变化的规律进行了探讨。统计分析了我国各气候区和飞机典型使用地区的总体环境,提供了气温、湿度、太阳辐射、二气化硫,海水盐度及盐雾等国内实测数据。     

单室双推力固体火箭发动机两级推力的最佳选择

从理论上探讨了单室双推力固体火箭发动机中影响其两级推力的主要因素。建立了导弹/发动机一体化设计的优化模型,对一种推进剂实现双推力,双燃速推进剂实现双推力两种情况分别进行了计算和分析。求出了使导弹射程达到最大,又能够在设计中实现的最佳推力方案。     

Energetic Particles Investigation (EPI)

The Energetic Particles Investigation (EPI) instrument operates during the pre-entry phase of the Galileo Probe. The major science objective is to study the energetic particle population in the innermost regions of the Jovian magnetosphere — within 4 radii of the cloud tops — and into the upper atmosphere. To achieve these objectives the EPI instrument will make omnidirectional measurements of four different particle species — electrons, protons, alpha-particles, and heavy ions (Z > 2). Intensity profiles with a spatial resolution of about 0.02 Jupiter radii will be recorded. Three different energy range channels are allocated to both electrons and protons to provide a rough estimate of the spectral index of the energy spectra. In addition to the omnidirectional measurements, sectored data will be obtained for certain energy range electrons, protons, and alpha-particles to determine directional anisotropies and particle pitch angle distributions. The detector assembly is a two-element telescope using totally depleted, circular silicon surfacebarrier detectors surrounded by a cylindrical tungsten shielding with a wall thickness of 4.86 g cm^-2. The telescope axis is oriented normal to the spherical surface of the Probe's rear heat shield which is needed for heat protection of the scientific payload during the Probe's entry into the Jovian atmosphere. The material thickness of the heat shield determines the lower energy threshold of the particle species investigated during the Probe's pre-entry phase. The EPI instrument is combined with the Lightning and Radio Emission Detector (LRD) such that the EPI sensor is connected to the LRD/EPI electronic box. In this way, both instruments together only have one interface of the Probe's power, command, and data unit.     

高超音速后掠激波与边界层干扰流场特性

应用表面油流和液晶温度显示、表面热流率和压力测量四种测试技术,在Ma_∞=7.8、单位长度雷诺数尺Re_∞=3.5×10~7/m条件下,研究了30°迎角尖前缘翼面诱导激波和湍流边界层干扰流场特性。结果表明:表面流动是准锥型,在强相互作用下,流动发生了二次分离和再附,导致表面油流线的流向角、温度、热流率和压力分布均出现明显的凹坑。     

惯性导航系统各种传递对准方法讨论

 本文按对准基本原理将惯性导航系统各种传递对准方法分为两大类,一类可称为计算参数匹配法,它包括速度匹配和位置匹配;另一类可称为测量参数匹配法,它包括加速度匹配、姿态匹配和角速度匹配。文中详细讨论了这两类方法的性质,指出:计算参数匹配法类似静基座自对准和空间率对准,在载体无机动动作时对准时间较长。测量参数匹配法对准时间短,但受载体挠性变形的影响大。