基于混杂非对称复合材料的自适应对日定向器

提出并设计了一种基于混杂非对称复合材料层合板的新型自适应对日定向器。该对日定向器采用混杂非对称复合材料层合板作为驱动元件,利用在轨光照条件的变化引起复合材料层合板温度变化,进而使其产生热变形并驱动太阳翼发生偏转。提出的自适应对日定向器结合传统的单自由度对日定向机构,能够实现太阳能帆板的双自由度对日定向。介绍了自适应对日定向器的基本原理,并结合地球静止轨道的光照条件进行了具体设计。利用能量变分原理建立了混杂非对称复合材料的热变形模型,分析其热变形特点,并利用有限元方法对定向器在地球静止轨道上的温度场特性、热变形及对日定向转动角度进行分析。有限元分析结果表明,通过合理设计,自适应对日定向器的转角能够随太阳光入射角变化呈线性变化,定向精度可达±1°。     

星载激光通信终端在轨机动对温度影响

对激光通信终端在轨瞬态温度变化开展了仿真,以期研究在轨机动的影响、热分析和热试验时机动模式的简化模拟。通过合理地分析与简化,建立终端的轨道热分析模型,准确模拟在轨机动,根据典型机动模式、外热流和涂层退化等因素设计了计算工况,得出了终端在轨运行过程中的温度场随时间和姿态变化规律。结果表明：不同机动模式下的温度变化存在差异,最大可达23.0℃,采用固定姿态或一维转动的简化热分析或热试验不能准确模拟实际飞行温度,甚至不能部分替代二维转动热分析或热试验;光学天线和反射镜的温度控制是制约终端工作的瓶颈,为终端设计合适的避光机动策略,可大幅度提高温度稳定度和均匀度。研究结果可以为光机电设备在轨机动策略的设计和改进提供参考。     

Modes of uncontrolled rotational motion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Progress M-29M</Emphasis> spacecraft

We have reconstructed the uncontrolled rotational motion of the Progress M-29M transport cargo spacecraft in the single-axis solar orientation mode (the so-called sunward spin) and in the mode of the gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite. The modes were implemented on April 3–7, 2016 as a part of preparation for experiments with the DAKON convection sensor onboard the Progress spacecraft. The reconstruction was performed by integral statistical techniques using the measurements of the spacecraft’s angular velocity and electric current from its solar arrays. The measurement data obtained in a certain time interval have been jointly processed using the least-squares method by integrating the equations of the spacecraft’s motion relative to the center of mass. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion and parameters of the mathematical model have been estimated. The motion in the sunward spin mode is the rotation of the spacecraft with an angular velocity of 2.2 deg/s about the normal to the plane of solar arrays; the normal is oriented toward the Sun or forms a small angle with this direction. The duration of the mode is several orbit passes. The reconstruction has been performed over time intervals of up to 1 h. As a result, the actual rotational motion of the spacecraft relative to the Earth–Sun direction was obtained. In the gravitational orientation mode, the spacecraft was rotated about its longitudinal axis with an angular velocity of 0.1–0.2 deg/s; the longitudinal axis executed small oscillated relative to the local vertical. The reconstruction of motion relative to the orbital coordinate system was performed in time intervals of up to 7 h using only the angularvelocity measurements. The measurements of the electric current from solar arrays were used for verification.     

A Study of the Reflection of Radio Waves from the Plasma Region on the Track behind an Axisymmetric Body Moving in the Earth’s Atmosphere

The results of numerical calculation of the dependences of the electron density, the eigenfrequency and the dielectric plasma permeability on the geometric parameters and the altitude of body motion in the near and far wake behind a thin conical body with a spherical nose blunting have been presented. The electron density maximum has been shown to be located in the region of the neck of the near wake behind the body, which determines the type of this region (supercritical or subcritical). This in turn affects the propagation of radio waves through this plasma region. A comparative analysis was performed for two different bodies with the same ballistic coefficient values. No characteristic distinctions were revealed in the values of electron density or the plasma eigenfrequency in the near and far wake behind these bodies. However, it has been shown that there are differences in the values of the distance from the bottom cross section to the neck of the near wake behind these bodies.     

Design of Interplanetary Transfers with Passive Gravity Assists and Deep Space Maneuvers

In the paper, the problem of designing interplanetary trajectories with several swing-bys and deep-space maneuvers is solved using the method of virtual trajectories developed by the authors. The algorithms for the calculation of both heliocentric and planetocentric trajectory arcs are presented, including the case of resonant trajectories. The results of applying the method of virtual trajectories to the problem of designing an interplanetary transfer to Jupiter are given and compared with the baseline trajectories for the Juno, Europa Clipper, and Laplace missions.     

复杂动态环境下无人飞行器动态避障近似最优轨迹规划

针对复杂动态环境下无人飞行器的动态障碍规避问题,基于合理假设建立了无人飞行器和动态障碍的运动学模型,并综合考虑无人飞行器飞行过程中的终端约束、控制输入约束、安全避障约束等,以能量最少为性能指标构建动态避障问题数学描述。之后,针对终端约束和控制输入约束,依据优化模型预测静态规划算法(OMPSP)生成初始轨迹;针对动态避障问题的不等式约束,引入松弛变量并结合滑模变结构控制方法设计松弛变量动力学,实现对一个、多个或同时多个动态障碍的安全规避;最后,依据有限时间微分动态规划(RHDDP)算法进行轨迹优化,获得满足上述各种约束并能规避动态障碍的近似最优轨迹。     

天基强银河背景下的空间碎片探测试验及分析

本文设计并完成了银河背景下碎片探测试验,数据分析表明,强的银河背景会降低探测器对暗弱碎片的探测能力,但对碎片的天文定位精度影响不大。本文验证了采用基于探测概率的极限探测星等方法表征探测器极限探测能力的合理性,以及基于仿真的方法增加数据完备度的可行性。本文的工作将为后续天基探测器的设计及探测试验的开展提供依据。     

新型柔索式杆束结构压紧释放装置

针对空间机械臂、空间可展开天线等空间机构在收拢状态的杆束结构压紧与释放问题,提出一种基于柔性索捆绑压紧与热刀释放的新型压紧释放装置。建立了柔索式压紧释放装置锁紧状态的力学模型,分析了静态压紧和考虑惯性载荷情况下的绳索预紧力变化情况,得到了满足可靠压紧的绳索预紧力设计值。基于质量和刚度等效,设计了机械臂杆束结构力学等效件,并进行了正弦与随机振动力学试验。试验结果验证了所设计的柔索式杆束结构压紧释放装置的可行性,并可以推广到具有复杂包络的杆束结构压紧释放中。     

基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法

为实现飞行器分离任务可靠性的定量分析和高效精确评估,研究了高超声速飞行器分离任务过程中各种不确定性因素对分离可靠性的影响,提出一种基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法。面向高超声速飞行器分离任务需求,建立分离动力学仿真模型,综合考虑分离过程不确定性因素的影响,利用灵敏度分析方法识别主要不确定性因素,构建分离可靠性模型。针对此模型,提出一种改进主动学习Kriging(IAK)的分离可靠性分析方法,通过新的采样策略选取失效概率更大的采样点作为新增训练点,进行高效可靠性分析。实例结果表明,该方法能够准确描述不确定性因素对分离过程的影响,提升分离可靠性定量分析的精度和效率,为飞行器分离方案的精细化设计提供支撑。     

带轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩试验

在Ma 6风洞内,通过高频脉动压力测试技术和基于纳米粒子示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS)技术,分别对带前向、后向轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩进行了试验研究。采用功率谱密度分析和互相关计算等方法对脉动压力数据进行分析,得到了边界层中扰动波的发展规律,定量分析了第二模态波的相关参数。结果显示：两种模型中第二模态波在沿流向向下游发展的过程中,其幅值均先增大再衰减、特征频率均逐渐减小;特征频率和传播速度整体上均随雷诺数的增大而增加(后台阶模型中特征频率由100 kHz增至196 kHz,前台阶中则由 97 kHz 增至174 kHz)、波长变化规律则与之相反(后台阶中由6.35 mm降至4.54 mm,前台阶由7.35 mm降至 4.66 mm );后台阶模型中第二模态波初次出现位置比前台阶中更靠近上游,边界层转捩位置较前台阶前移。将NPLS结果与高频脉动压力测试结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。