重力梯度对自由漂浮空间机器人姿态扰动分析

分析重力梯度对在轨运行的自由漂浮空间机器人姿态运动影响。由Lagrange方法建立自由漂浮空间机器人受重力梯度扰动的非线性动力学模型。首先,考虑无控关节自由状态,分析重力梯度对关节运动的影响。其次,利用相平面轨迹分析重力梯度对自由漂浮系统姿态运动影响。最后,由速度偏差曲线分析重力梯度对机械臂的影响。结果表明,当作用时间接近轨道周期或更长时,重力梯度引起的关节偏差已十分显著,且这种扰动作用主要由轨道偏心率决定;关节锁定时俯仰姿态受扰运动有周期振动与翻滚两种形式,若初始角速度满足一定限值可以保证俯仰运动不发生翻滚;当机械臂长时间工作时,忽略重力梯度将产生明显的末端定位误差。     

柔性绳网动力学建模与天地差异性分析

采用有限元模型研究了柔性绳网系统的动力学特性。针对空间绳网直接弹射展开方式,首先将绳网离散为若干单元,各单元处理为非线性“半阻尼弹簧”模型,然后分别计算各单元所受气动力和重力,最终建立绳网系统多柔体动力学模型。基于所建立的动力学模型分别对柔性绳网在地面和太空展开的动力学过程进行了仿真分析,研究了绳网在展开面积、空间位形和飞行距离等方面的天地差异性及其动力学机理,为未来空间绳网系统的分析设计提供理论参考。     

磁悬浮飞轮用新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承

为满足应用于航天器姿控、储能的磁悬浮飞轮采用的扁平构型或高转速转子需求,提出了一种新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承,具有轴向长度短、结构紧凑的优点,有利于扁平转子或高速转子的磁悬浮控制。在新型径向磁轴承磁路分析的基础上,通过应用于50 Nms反作用飞轮的设计实例,经仿真分析,校验了新型径向磁轴承的基本性能;并与传统同极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承进行了比较,验证了新型径向磁轴承的优点。     

磁悬浮飞轮微振动特性及其主动振动控制方法研究

为了进一步减小磁悬浮飞轮的振动力和力矩,建立并分析了一种特殊结构的磁悬浮飞轮的微振动模型,并利用微振动测量平台、数据采集分析硬件和软件,通过试验测量了磁悬浮飞轮6个自由度的振动力和力矩.分析其时域特性和频域特性,其振动特性图(瀑布图)显示了径向两个平动方向X和Y的振动力主要是同频分量、倍频分量以及模态量,其中同频分量较为明显.利用开闭环自适应陷波,分别对X、Y两个方向的振动力进行主动振动控制,取得了较好的控制效果,使得两个方向的振动力的同频量显著下降.     

风洞模型-支撑系统涡激振动测量与分析

以0.55m×0.4m低湍流航空声学风洞某模型及其支撑系统为研究对象,采用基于加速度传感器直接测量支撑系统和热线间接测量模型尾流相结合的方法,测量并分析了风洞模型-支撑系统的涡激振动模态,给出了测量方案和数据处理方法。采用基于加速度传感器的功率谱分析方法,获得了模型-支撑系统的三阶振动频率分别为31.1、120.9和221.4Hz;采用基于加速度传感器的频域滤波和频域积分方法,提高了有效信号的信噪比,获得了模型-支撑系统振动的振型和振动节点位置;采用热线测量模型尾流分离涡脱落频率的方法,获得了模型一阶和二阶振动的尾流涡激频率分别为31.1和124.1 Hz,并从测量尾流速度脉动量获得了模型振幅变化和抖振边界信息。实验结果表明,采用热线测量模型尾流从而分析模型振动的方法,有利于小尺度的模型振动测量,而且相对于加速度传感器装于模型表面的直接测量方法而言,对试验模型的绕流流场干扰较小,为测量风洞试验模型的涡激振动模态提供了一种方法。     

Challenges and perspectives of transport cargo vehicles utilization for performing research in free flight

Russian Progress transport cargo vehicles have successfully been used in different space station programs since 1978. At present time, they play an important role in the International Space Station (ISS) project. Main tasks performed by the transport cargo vehicle (TCV) in the station program are the following: refueling of the station, delivery of consumables and equipment, waste removal, station attitude control and orbit correction maneuver execution.     

New one-axis one-sensor magnetic attitude control theoretical and in-flight performance

New one-axis magnetic attitude control is proposed. Only one attitude sensor providing any inertial direction measurements is necessary, magnetometer is not used. The control may be used as a backup capability in case main actuators or some attitude sensors fail. Sun pointing is achievable using only three-axis Sun sensor, so the control may be used to lower the power consumption during battery charging. Asymptotic stability of different equilibria depending on the satellite inertia tensor is summarized. In-flight results from “Chibis-M” microsatellite are provided proving general control performance.     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

载人航天器放电调节器稳定性研究

电源系统的稳定性是保证载人航天器在轨飞行可靠安全的要素之一。文章研究了应用混合型功率调节技术的电源系统放电调节器的建模方法,获得了系统开环传递函数,进行了仿真验证,在此基础上分析了影响放电调节器稳定性的因素,表明系统中存在过大的延迟会使系统的稳定性大幅降低甚至造成不稳定,地面试验结果验证了此结论的正确性。     

航天器热故障诊断专家系统推理机的设计

航天器在飞行过程中,经常发生各种故障,因此需要充分进行地面模拟试验.在航天器地面热试验的故障分析过程中,除了形成了可供故障诊断用的规则以外,还得到了许多具体的事例.后者很难用规则来准确地描述,但却是人类专家最珍贵的经验,必须加以利用.据此提出了基于事例推理和基于规则推理的混合推理机制,给出了具体的流程图,并就两种推理给出了相应的冲突消解策略.