Analysis of Performance Degradation in CdS Solar Cells

The effect of changes in five physically meaningful parameters on the I-V (current-voltage) curve of a CdS solar cell is calculated. Comparisons between the calculated data and performance data obtained from degraded solar cells are made. The parameter that changed to cause the degradation in each cell becomes apparent.     

Space Radiation Damage Measurements in the Earth Synchronous Orbit

For direct measurement of the integrated radiation dose experienced in Earth synchronous orbit, p-i-n diodes were flown as radiation dosimeters on LES-6. The diode, which has a lifetime of 10-4 seconds in the intrinsic region, was originally developed as a neutron dosimeter, but can detect 1-MeV electron fluences as low as 1013 e·cm-2. Observations over three years in orbit are presented.     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

Geoeffectivity of Coronal Mass Ejections

Coronal mass ejections and post-shock streams driven by them are the most efficient drivers of strong magnetospheric activity, magnetic storms. For this reason there is considerable interest in trying to make reliable forecasts for the effects of CMEs as much in advance as possible. To succeed this requires understanding of all aspects related to CMEs, starting from their emergence on the Sun to their propagation to the vicinity of the Earth and to effects within the magnetosphere. In this article we discuss some recent results on the geoeffectivity of different types of CME/shock structures. A particularly intriguing observation is that smoothly rotating magnetic fields within CMEs are most efficient in driving storm activity seen in the inner magnetosphere due to enhanced ring current, whereas the sheath regions between the shock and the ejecta tend to favour high-latitude activity.     

基于语音标签的语音浏览器

随着互联网的发展,Web已经成为获取各种信息的重要途径,但是并不是所有人都能享受互联网所带来的便利。针对某些不便于使用鼠标和键盘输入的情况,开发了一个基于语音的网页浏览系统。主要特点是通过采用给网页自动添加语音标签的方法来辅助用户与互联网的语音交互。该系统通过对互联网上的网页进行本地缓存并加入语音标签,对用户的语音输入进行引导和提示,实现了语音控制的网页浏览。     

气氢/气氧塞式喷管模型发动机实验

以气氢/气氧为推进剂,对圆转方内喷管单元直排塞式喷管进行了热试实验研究。介绍了实验系统及实验发动机主要零部件的结构和设计参数,给出了实验参数测量结果、实验照片和数据分析。无再生冷却塞式喷管发动机采用耐烧蚀材料钨渗铜加工内喷管和燃烧室内衬,碳钢材料加工塞锥,成功进行了多次短时间热试实验。在三个压比下获得了塞式喷管性能数据,实验表明,塞式喷管具有良好的高度补偿能力和较高的效率。在CNPR=110附近,效率达到93%~95%;在CNPR=450附近,效率达到96%~98%;在CNPR=1000附近,效率达到93%~96%。预计在设计点的效率不低于98%。     

缝合复合材料弹性常数细观力学模型的分析比较

对近几年来公开发表的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学模型进行了分析比较。通过计算对比了铺层纤维面内弯折、正弦波状弯曲、多项式描述纤维弯曲三个典型的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学分析模型。结果表明,采用面内纤维弯折假设的弹性常数分析模型对缝纫参数的改变不敏感;采用面内纤维弯曲假设的模型对缝纫参数改变敏感,不同模型得到的弹性常数随缝纫参数变化趋势几乎是相同的。但是,假设纤维在针脚附近只有部分纤维发生弯曲比假设纤维全部发生弯曲得到的结论更合理。     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.