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171.
172.
We present the results from a study of the variations of the cosmic-ray intensity with time, heliographic latitude, and longitude, and for varying interplanetary conditions, using our three-dimensional, time-dependent computer code for cosmic-ray transport in the heliosphere. Our code also produces a solar-wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration which is compared with observations. Because of the fully threedimensional nature of the model calculations, we are able to model time variations which would be expected to be observed along Ulysses's trajectory as it moves to high latitudes. In particular we can model the approximately 13-and 26-day solar-rotation induced variations in cosmic rays, solar wind and IMF, as a function of increasing heliographic latitude, as one moves poleward of the interplanetary current sheet. Our preliminary model results seem to be in general form quite similar to published data, but depend on the physical parameters used such as cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients, boundary conditions, and the nature of the solar wind and IMF and current sheet. 相似文献
173.
研究了降低浇注温度或加入细化剂后 ,K4 16 9合金晶粒细化的微观组织、夹杂及缩松等的变化。发现同样加或不加细化剂条件下 ,浇注温度越低 ,一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距越小。而同一浇注温度下 ,化学法细晶试样一次枝晶主轴长度较普通试样的短 ,而二者的二次枝晶臂距无明显差别。晶粒细化后 ,晶粒形态由普通铸造组织中的树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变 ,且合金中主要元素的偏析减轻 ,这均有利于提高细晶铸件机械性能。MC型碳化物和Laves相的尺寸、数量和形貌在晶粒细化前后变化不大。铸件中加入微量细化剂不形成夹杂 ,不改变合金相组成。此外 ,加细化剂不仅可使晶粒细化 ,同时铸件中的缩松大大减少 相似文献
174.
Haines K. Hipkin R. Beggan C. Bingley R. Hernandez F. Holt J. Baker T. Bingham R.J. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,108(1-2):205-216
Accurate local geoids derived from in situ gravity data will be valuable in the validation of GOCE results. In addition it will be a challenge to use GOCE data in an
optimal way, in combination with in situ gravity, to produce better local geoid solutions. This paper discusses the derivation of a new geoid over the NW European
shelf, and its comparison with both tide gauge and altimetric sea level data, and with data from ocean models. It is hoped
that over the next few years local geoid methods such as these can be extended to cover larger areas and to incorporate both
in situ and satellite measured gravity data.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
175.
Present-Day Sea Level Change: Observations and Causes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cazenave A. Cabanes C. Dominh K. Gennero M.C. Le Provost C. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,108(1-2):131-144
We investigate climate-related processes causing variations of the global mean sea level on interannual to decadal time scale.
We focus on thermal expansion of the oceans and continental water mass balance. We show that during the 1990s where global
mean sea level change has been measured by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry, thermal expansion is the dominant contribution
to the observed 2.5 mm/yr sea level rise. For the past decades, exchange of water between continental reservoirs and oceans
had a small, but not totally negligible contribution (about 0.2 mm/yr) to sea level rise. For the last four decades, thermal
contribution is estimated to about 0.5 mm/yr, with a possible accelerated rate of thermosteric rise during the 1990s. Topex/Poseidon
shows an increase in mean sea level of 2.5 mm/yr over the last decade, a value about two times larger than reported by historical
tide gauges. This would suggest that there has been significant acceleration of sea level rise in the recent past, possibly
related to ocean warming.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
176.
Jurewicz A.J.G. Burnett D.S. Wiens R.C. Friedmann T.A. Hays C.C. Hohlfelder R.J. Nishiizumi K. Stone J.A. Woolum D.S. Becker R. Butterworth A.L. Campbell A.J. Ebihara M. Franchi I.A. Heber V. Hohenberg C.M. Humayun M. McKeegan K.D. McNamara K. Meshik A. Pepin R.O. Schlutter D. Wieler R. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,105(3-4):535-560
Genesis (NASA Discovery Mission #5) is a sample return mission. Collectors comprised of ultra-high purity materials will be
exposed to the solar wind and then returned to Earth for laboratory analysis. There is a suite of fifteen types of ultra-pure
materials distributed among several locations. Most of the materials are mounted on deployable panels (‘collector arrays’),
with some as targets in the focal spot of an electrostatic mirror (the ‘concentrator’). Other materials are strategically
placed on the spacecraft as additional targets of opportunity to maximize the area for solar-wind collection.
Most of the collection area consists of hexagonal collectors in the arrays; approximately half are silicon, the rest are for
solar-wind components not retained and/or not easily measured in silicon. There are a variety of materials both in collector
arrays and elsewhere targeted for the analyses of specific solar-wind components.
Engineering and science factors drove the selection process. Engineering required testing of physical properties such as the
ability to withstand shaking on launch and thermal cycling during deployment. Science constraints included bulk purity, surface
and interface cleanliness, retentiveness with respect to individual solar-wind components, and availability.
A detailed report of material parameters planned as a resource for choosing materials for study will be published on a Genesis
website, and will be updated as additional information is obtained. Some material is already linked to the Genesis plasma
data website (genesis.lanl.gov). Genesis should provide a reservoir of materials for allocation to the scientific community
throughout the 21st Century.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
177.
A new current injected equivalent circuit approach (CIECA) to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages is developed, which starts with the current injected approach and results in either a set of equations which completely describe input and out-put properties or an equivalent linear circuit model valid at small signal, low frequency levels. This approach to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages has the merits but not the demerits of both the electronic equivalent circuit state space average approach and the current injected control type approach, namely, 1) the modeling is very clear and is simple whether the converter operates in continuous or discontinuous inductor conduction modes, 2) the modeling results in an equivalent circuit which is very close to the actual converter, and 3) the equivalent circuit can be used directly in the computer for theoretical predictions like SPICE, etc. 相似文献
178.
三角翼低速动态大攻角气动特性试验研究 总被引:5,自引:7,他引:5
对后掠角分别为X=60°、70°和80°尖前缘平板三角翼模型和一个前缘后掠角为(76° 40°)的双三角翼模型在低速风洞中作大攻角俯仰摩波运动,振幅am=30°、60°和90°,缩减频率K=0.01~0.12,基于根弦长雷诺数Re=2.76×10^5~8.23×10^5。进行了六分量动态气动载荷测量,动态流动显示和70°三角翼上翼面非定常压力测量,并分别与对应的静态试验结果比较。分析了运动参数包括缩减频率、振幅和Re数、后掠角对气流动态迟滞特性的影响。 相似文献
179.
Error Analysis of Space-Stable Inertial Navigation Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nash R.A. Levine S.A. Roy K.J. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1971,(4):617-629
The error equations for a space-stable inertial navigation system are derived. This is done by directly perturbing the mechanization equations in the inertial frame and then transforming in open-loop fashion to the local-level frame. A rotating inertial platform and velocity and altitude damping are considered. The relations between errors in space-stable and local-level systems are noted. Numerical results are presented for certain random error sources. 相似文献
180.
环境专业教学体系结构改革探索——以就业市场需求为导向 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对西安航专2006与2007年环境监测与治理技术专业毕业生就业情况的对比分析,认为目前环境类专业的就业形势发生良性转变,需求范围增加,同时就业单位对毕业生的专业技术能力、技术管理能力等也提出了更高的要求。据此,我们从专业发展方向、课程体系结构以及实验实训三个方面进行建设与调整来满足就业单位的需求。 相似文献