基于Linux QT技术的空间环境模拟器控制系统组态软件的开发

文章主要介绍如何在Linux系统下建立一套空间环境模拟器控制系统组态软件。首先给出该软件设计的整体结构与基本原理,软件架构基于QT平台搭建;研发了一套针对Linux操作系统的OPC驱动,成功地实现了硬件设备和上位软件之间的多对多通信;针对该驱动提出了扫描优先级算法,这种算法相对于Windows下的顺序扫描逻辑方式更加优化而高效。该组态软件已通过现场实际应用,控制效果良好,达到预期的结果。     

Gurney flap—Lift enhancement,mechanisms and applications

Since its invention by a race car driver Dan Gurney in 1960s, the Gurney flap has been used to enhance the aerodynamics performance of subsonic and supercritical airfoils, high-lift devices and delta wings. In order to take stock of recent research and development of Gurney flap, we have carried out a review of the characteristics and mechanisms of lift enhancement by the Gurney flap and its applications. Optimum design of the Gurney flap is also summarized in this paper. For the Gurney flap to be effective, it should be mounted at the trailing edge perpendicular to the chord line of airfoil or wing. The flap height must be of the order of local boundary layer thickness. For subsonic airfoils, an additional Gurney flap increases the pressure on the upstream surface of the Gurney flap, which increases the total pressure of the lower surface. At the same time, a long wake downstream of the flap containing a pair of counter-rotating vortices can delay or eliminate the flow separation near the trailing edge on the upper surface. Correspondingly, the total suction on the airfoil is increased. For supercritical airfoils, the lift enhancement of the Gurney flap mainly comes from its ability to shift the shock on the upper surface in the downstream. Applications of the Gurney flap to modern aircraft design are also discussed in this review.     

A reappraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars

Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars make up about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived, and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 M(Sun)), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid-surface-water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 1/50th of the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 M(Earth) orbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute.     

新的航空图像道路检测与跟踪算法

介绍了一种新的面向智能无人机应用的道路检测与跟踪算法.首先从电子道路地图中得到标示道路初始区域的合成图像,然后利用光学图像的距离变换图像、合成图像的边缘图像等信息把道路检测问题表述为一最优化问题,最后利用迭代算法解此问题得到路面区域.道路跟踪利用前一帧检测结果的预测值初始化其对应的优化问题.实验证明该方法具有较高的稳定性和适应能力.      

The Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) NASA Mission-of-Opportunity

Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) is a NASA Explorer Mission-of-Opportunity to stereoscopically image the Earth’s magnetosphere for the first time. TWINS extends our understanding of magnetospheric structure and processes by providing simultaneous Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging from two widely separated locations. TWINS observes ENAs from 1–100 keV with high angular (～4°×4°) and time (～1-minute) resolution. The TWINS Ly-α monitor measures the geocoronal hydrogen density to aid in ENA analysis while environmental sensors provide contemporaneous measurements of the local charged particle environments. By imaging ENAs with identical instruments from two widely spaced, high-altitude, high-inclination spacecraft, TWINS enables three-dimensional visualization of the large-scale structures and dynamics within the magnetosphere for the first time. This “instrument paper” documents the TWINS design, construction, calibration, and initial results. Finally, the appendix of this paper describes and documents the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) instrument calibration facility; this facility was used for all TWINS instrument-level calibrations.     

捷联惯性测量组合标定方案

本文介绍了惯性组合标定“6位置12点采样”的编排方案,可补偿测试设备调平、对北误差的影响,测试过程简单合理。此外介绍了对组合性能有特殊意义的ωｅ、ｇ自检及迭代求解方法,并以此作为求算标准偏差的依据。     

交直流电压转换标准的研制

介绍了实现交直流电压有效值测量的多种方式,分析了多元热电变换器产生交直流转换差的多种原因,说明了能够输出100mV热电势的多元热电变换器的研制方法,解决了其中一系列的关键问题。其中采用热偶过渡结构降低了端部效应的影响;采用回线加热结构及适当增加热偶对数和输入电流,使输出电压得到大幅提高,降低了灵敏度引入的不确定度;将计算机作为测试过程的控制和运算的中心,进一步提高了多元热电变换器的测量准确度。比对实验的结果表明：所研制的多元热电变换器的测量不确定度在10^-6量级（k=2）。     

模糊逻辑控制在过失速机动飞行中的应用

首先建立了进行过失速机动时飞机的动力学数学模型,并在分析了模糊数学和模糊逻辑控制特点的基础上,设计了模糊逻辑控制器 ( FLC)应用于 2种典型的过失速机动 ( 70°迎角定常飞行和眼镜蛇机动 )的数字仿真。结果表明,采用模糊逻辑控制器,调整模糊控制器中有关参数或采用带修正因子的模糊控制器,能够使得飞机在更短的时间内完成过失速机动,同时改善了飞机的动态品质。     

基于EBA-FLC的飞机急滚机动分支分析与控制

结合扩展分支分析(EBA)和模糊逻辑控制(FLC),提出了一种新的闭环分支控制方法,即EBA-FLC方法,并将其应用于某机动飞机的无侧滑滚转机动研究。揭示了飞机全局非线性动力学特性,实现了无侧滑滚转机动的闭环分支控制,使飞机在大范围内具有期望的动力学特性,改善了飞机无侧滑滚转机动的动态和稳态特性。     

星间DOWRT中的相对论效应分析与修正

推导了双向单程测距与时间同步(DOWRT,Dual One-Way Ranging/Time Synchronization)的解耦方程,分析了空间动态下DOWRT法的计算方法及相对论效应在测距和时间比对中的影响,提出了带有相对论效应修正的DOWRT算法,最后分别仿真分析了低轨编队飞行卫星和导航星座中的距离与时间同步测量中相对论效应引起的误差.结果表明:卫星间采用DOWRT测量方法时,由相对论效应引起的低轨短基线编队飞行卫星间距离测量误差为米级、时间同步误差为亚皮秒级,而在导航星座测量中引起近百米级距离测量误差和高达微秒级的时间同步误差.因此为了实现导航卫星间高精度距离与时间同步测量,必须进行相对论效应修正.