用最优轨迹分析法研究战斗机的敏捷性

利用最优轨迹分析法确定战斗机的敏捷性，并将最优控制问题转换为参数优化问题，由非线性数学规划理论解出参数变化规律。从典型示例飞机分析了不同迎角限制和推力下的控制策略及对功能敏捷性的影响。仿真结果表明，在转弯过程中适当放宽迎角限制和增加推力都能增大转弯速率，缩短转弯时间，从而改善飞机的功能敏捷性。     

The determination of ice composition with instruments on cometary landers

The determination of the composition of materials that make up comets is essential in trying to understand the origin of these primitive objects. The ices especially could be made in several different astrophysical settings including the solar nebula, protosatellite nebulae of the giant planets, and giant molecular clouds that predate the formation of the solar system. Each of these environments makes different ices with different composition. In order to understand the origin of comets, one needs to determine the composition of each of the ice phases. For example, it is of interest to know that comets contain carbon monoxide, CO, but it is much more important to know how much of it is a pure solid phase, is trapped in clathrate hydrates, or is adsorbed on amorphous water ice. In addition, knowledge of the isotopic composition of the constituents will help determine the process that formed the compounds. Finally, it is important to understand the bulk elemental composition of the nucleus. When these data are compared with solar abundances, they put strong constraints on the macro-scale processes that formed the comet. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and an evolved gas analyzer (EGA) will make the necessary association between molecular constituents and their host phases. This combination of instruments takes a small (tens of mg) sample of the comet and slowly heats it in a sealed oven. As the temperature is raised, the DSC precisely measures the heat required, and delivers the gases to the EGA. Changes in the heat required to raise the temperature at a controlled rate are used to identify phase transitions, e.g., crystallization of amorphous ice or melting of hexagonal ice, and the EGA correlates the gases released with the phase transition. The EGA consists of two mass spectrometers run in tandem. The first mass spectrometer is a magnetic-sector ion-momentum analyzer (MAG), and the second is an electrostatic time-of-flight analyzer (TOF). The TOF acts as a detector for the MAG and serves to resolve ambiguities between fragments of similar mass such as CO and N2. Because most of the compounds of interest for the volatile ices are simple, a gas chromatograph is not needed and thus more integration time is available to determine isotopic ratios. A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) will determine the elemental abundances of the bulk cometary material by determining the flux of gamma rays produced from the interaction of the cometary material with cosmic ray produced neutrons. Because the gamma rays can penetrate a distance of several tens of centimeters a large volume of material is analyzed. The measured composition is, therefore, much more likely to be representative of the bulk comet than a very small sample that might have lost some of its volatiles. Making these measurements on a lander offers substantial advantages over trying to address similar objectives from an orbiter. For example, an orbiter instrument can determine the presence and isotopic composition of CO in the cometary coma, but only a lander can determine the phase(s) in which the CO is located and separately determine the isotopic composition of each reservoir of CO. The bulk composition of the nucleus might be constrained from separate orbiter analyses of dust and gas in the coma, but the result will be very model dependent, as the ratio of gas to dust in the comet will vary and will not necessarily be equal to the bulk value.     

Detection limits in the far infrared

The advent of far infrared arrays will change fundamentally the means of analyzing observations in this spectral region. Sources much fainter than traditional confusion limits will be extracted from images by using computer algorithms similar to CLEAN or DAOPHOT. We have conducted numerical experiments to evaluate these techniques and show that they will permit long integrations (10,000 sec at 60 m, 200 sec at 100 m) to achieve nearly photon-background-limited performance and hence very deep detection limits. The dominant noise sources—photon noise, confusion by distant galaxies, and confusion by IR cirrus — scale with nearly the same power of the telescope aperture. As a result, the integration times required to reach confusion limits are nearly aperture-independent.     

卫星数据搜集系统(DCS)的技术现状与改进概念探索

对当前国际上流行的 DCS系统进行简介及评述 ,指出各自的优缺点 ,并提出多普勒频率补偿、自主计算开机时间和捷径点发报两种构想进行革新     

The role of calcium in the regulation of hormone transport in gravistimulated roots.

Prior research has shown that gravistimulation induces preferential movement of calcium toward the lower side of the tips of maize roots and that roots depleted of calcium show impaired gravitropism. To further investigate the role of calcium in root gravitropism, we examined the effects of calcium on auxin movement in both vertical and gravistimulated roots of maize. Longitudinal movement of auxin was basipetally polar in intact roots but acropetally polar in decapped roots. Treatment of the root tip with calcium increased basipetal auxin movement in both intact and decapped roots. Gravistimulation induced asymmetric auxin movement toward the lower side of the root tip. Both asymmetric auxin movement and gravicurvature were inhibited by treatment of the root tip with auxin transport inhibitors or with EGTA. The results indicate that there is a close correlation between curvature and gravity-induced asymmetric auxin movement across the root cap. Since gravistimulation causes calcium movement toward the lower side of the root tip, our observation that calcium promotes basipetal auxin movement supports the idea that gravity-induced calcium asymmetry is a key step linking gravistimulation to the establishment of auxin asymmetry during root gravitropism.     

时效应力松弛校形原理及其在蒙皮制造中的应用

时效应力松弛校形和成形方法已成功地用于制造飞机铝合金蒙皮壁板,具有很多优点。本文论述该方法的原理、应用和模拟试验结果。通过2024和LY12铝合金板件的单曲度与双曲度弯曲试验,研究了校形效果随温度、时间和预变形等的变化规律。回弹和残余应力的测量结果表明,校形效率随温度和时间提高,在铝合金人工时效温度和时间范围内,一次约可消除回弹60％。剩余的尺寸偏差可通过在夹具上修出过弯量消除。     

飞机穿越微下击暴流风场进场着陆运动特性

应用模糊逻辑建模与辨识的方法建立了微下击暴流模型，利用此模型对A300飞机进场着陆时穿越微下击暴流进行了模拟，分析了低空风切变模型中高度因素的影响，说明了二维模型比一维模型更为优越。结果表明，提出的建模方法能够更好地以映出飞机穿赵微下击暴流的动态特性。通过分析初始高度对飞机穿越微下击暴流动态性能的影响，得出了一些重要的结论，从而对低空风切变危害飞机安全的物理本质有了进一步的认识。     

复杂系统的可靠度优化分配

阐述了复杂系统可靠度优化分配的一种方法－－花费最小分配法及其应用。介绍了花费最小分配法的概念、复杂系统可靠度分配模型、花费最小分配法进行可靠度分配前的数学处理及花费最小分配法的应用实例。指出，花费最小分配法与其他方法结合进行复杂系统可靠度分配，可以达到优化分配的目的。     

SOPC技术在软件无线电平台中的应用

介绍使用基于NIOSII软核处理器的SOPC技术,并采用基于SOPC的软件无线电技术对一个传统的抗干扰电台进行重新设计,增强了系统功能,改善了系统的灵活性,并提高了其适应不同应用需求的伸缩性。     

A simultaneous assignment methodology of right/left eigenstructures

In the sense of eigenstructure (eigenvalues/eigenvectors) assignment, the effectiveness and disturbance suppressibility of a controller are mainly dependent on the left eigenstructure (eigenvalues/left eigenvectors) of a system. However, the disturbance decouplability is governed by the right eigenstructure (eigenvalues/right eigenvectors) of the system. In order to obtain a disturbance decouplable as well as effective and disturbance suppressible controller, a simultaneous assignment methodology of the right and left eigenstructures is proposed. The biorthogonality property between the left and right modal matrices of a system as well as the relations between the achievable right modal matrix and states selection matrices are used to develop the methodology. The proposed simultaneous eigenstructures assignment methodology guarantees that the desired eigenvalues are achieved exactly and the desired left and right eigenvectors are assigned to the best possible(achievable) sets of eigenvectors in the least square sense, respectively. An L-1011 flight control application is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology