面向空间电推力器的氙气供给系统发展综述及展望

在阐述氙气供给系统组成与分类基础上,将传统氙气供给系统和先进氙气供给系统按照机械减压型、开关控制型和比例控制型三种类型进行梳理,提炼了氙气供给系统中涉及到的关键技术,如建模与仿真技术、流体控制部件技术及系统集成技术,并对其研究现状进行了概述。对氙气供给系统的发展现状和发展趋势进行了总结,重点对国内外氙气供给技术的差距进行分析,给出了我国电推进氙气供给系统的发展建议。首次全面、系统地对面向空间电推力器的氙气供给系统进行综述、总结和展望,对于氙气供给技术的研究具有重要的参考价值。     

GPS抗干扰接收机空时二维自适应滤波算法的FPGA实现

传统的抗干扰接收机存在自由度有限、抗多径干扰能力弱等不足。针对这些不足,有人提出了空-时二维自适应滤波(STAP)算法。文章介绍了空-时二维自适应抗干扰算法的性能、特点以及Matlab仿真和FPGA实现情况。文章没有使用通常使用的多级维纳嵌套(MSNWF)逼近方法,而是尝试采用矩阵直接求逆的方法来求出自适应系数。通过仿真和实测,此方法达到了较好的效果。文章的研究成果对通信对抗、雷达对抗都有重要的参考价值。     

姿控发动机减压阀出口压力偏差计算方法研究

减压阀出口压力偏差对姿控发动机的性能有较大影响,通常所采用的小偏差分析方法因不能有效分离非调整工况下工况偏离和其它干扰因素对发动机性能的相互影响,所计算的减压阀出口压力范围误差较大。本文提出了将工作工况作为影响发动机性能的一项干扰因素,基于姿控发动机系统静态模型,应用系统压力平衡原理计算发动机各工况下干扰因素影响系数的方法,根据计算结果采用随机误差分析方法确定了减压阀的出口压力偏差范围,所得结果符合发动机性能要求。     

概率有限状态机在动态效能评估中的应用

为了反映作战过程中实时战场变化对武器作战效能的影响，本文对武器作战动态效能评估(DEE)方法进行研究，提出一种基于概率有限状态机(PFSM)的动态效能评估方法。利用该方法对武器作战过程进行动态效能评估的同时，能够快速准确地分析影响武器作战效能的关键因素，为作战方案决策及武器研发提供依据。该方法考虑了武器装备、战场环境、作战方案及作战目标这四个战场信息空间对武器效能的影响，能够根据实时战场信息输出动态效能变化曲线。本文以反舰导弹为例，对其进行动态效能评估，结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够动态评估不同战场信息对效能的影响，并快速找到影响其效能的关键因素，从而为作战方案优化提供参考。     

Statistical analysis of geomagnetic field variations during solar eclipses

We investigate the geomagnetic field variations recorded by INTERMAGNET geomagnetic observatories, which are observed while the Moon’s umbra or penumbra passed over them during a solar eclipse event. Though it is generally considered that the geomagnetic field can be modulated during solar eclipses, the effect of the solar eclipse on the observed geomagnetic field has proved subtle to be detected. Instead of exploring the geomagnetic field as a case study, we analyze 207 geomagnetic manifestations acquired by 100 geomagnetic observatories during 39 solar eclipses occurring from 1991 to 2016. As a result of examining a pattern of the geomagnetic field variation on average, we confirm that the effect can be seen over an interval of 180?min centered at the time of maximum eclipse on a site of a geomagnetic observatory. That is, demonstrate an increase in the Y component of the geomagnetic field and decreases in the X component and the total strength of the geomagnetic field. We also find that the effect can be overwhelmed, depending more sensitively on the level of daily geomagnetic events than on the level of solar activity and/or the phase of solar cycle. We have demonstrated it by dividing the whole data set into subsets based on parameters of the geomagnetic field, solar activity, and solar eclipses. It is suggested, therefore, that an evidence of the solar eclipse effect can be revealed even at the solar maximum, as long as the day of the solar eclipse is magnetically quiet.     

Dual-frequency carrier smoothed code filtering with dynamical ionospheric delay modeling

In GNSS applications, carrier-smoothed-code is a widely used technique to combine code pseudo-range and carrier phase measurements. A dynamical ionospheric delay modeling method is proposed based on Kalman filter and least-squares theory. The level of the process noise is adaptively tuned along with the real-time KF state estimation, based on the online variance component estimation method. Meanwhile, the correlations of the time differenced carrier phase measurements are considered. This approach avoids overly optimistically evaluating the estimate and improves the transient accuracy of the estimates. A real GPS dataset is employed to check the performance of the proposed method under different conditions. The results show that the new algorithm can model the ionospheric delay variation well with different sampling intervals or even in ionospheric abnormal environment. The positioning accuracy can be confirmed, about 21%, 35% and 16% better are obtained in the N, E, and U direction than raw dataset.     

铜/镍箔中间层对铝/钢激光焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

研究以Ni、Ni/Cu箔片为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊接行为,系统考察Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的添加对铝/钢异种激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对焊缝横截面的组织形貌和各区域的元素分布进行观察分析,利用X射线衍射仪对焊接接头的主要物相进行分析,并利用电子万能试验机对焊接接头进行拉伸实验以表征其力学性能,结果表明:Cu/Ni箔片做复合中间层加入时,其中加入0.02 mm厚Cu箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1754.72 N;加入0.05 mm厚Cu箔片时的最大剪切力为734.97 N,相比只添加Ni箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力反而下降。Cu箔片的添加使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生改变,同时增加了熔池的流动性。在靠近不锈钢侧的Fe-Al脆性相中的部分Fe原子被Cu原子取代生成新的二元韧性相,从而抑制Fe-Al二元脆性金属间化合物的生成,有效改善铝/钢的焊接性。因此,Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种激光焊接过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能。     

超细长空心活塞杆高速车削加工

介绍了长径比接近80∶1的超细长空心杆(活塞杆)的结构特点和加工难点。从理论联系实际的角度出发,分析了细长空心杆车削过程中容易出现的各种缺陷的产生原因,并提出针对性的措施以及提高生产效率的途径。     

大型客机CAT Ⅲ级自动着陆机载设备需求

CAT Ⅲ自动着陆在恶劣天气进场着陆时具有较高的安全性和可靠性,对此类运行机载设备的研究具有重要的意义.本文首先从基本概念及原理出发介绍了进场着陆等级的划分、故障一性能下降和故障-工作两类自动着陆系统以及完成自动着陆的机载自动飞行系统及设备,然后指出决断高度DH和跑道视程RVR对CAT Ⅲ自动着陆机载设备的限制,最后介...     

Monitoring atomic clocks on board GNSS satellites

A method for monitoring atomic clocks on board Global Navigation Satellites System (GNSS) satellites is described to address the issue of clock related signal integrity in safety–critical applications of GNSS. The carrier-phase time transfer is employed in the clock monitoring method which enables tight tracking of the satellite onboard clocks and thus improves detectability of clock anomalies. Detecting onboard clock anomalies requires the ability to monitor clocks in real time, and a Kalman filter can then be utilized to estimate the phase offsets between the satellite clocks and ground clocks. This study, using the difference between the measured and predicted phase offset as a test statistic, sets a threshold for clock anomalies based on the prediction interval approach. Finally the validity of the monitoring method is examined by processing a set of real GNSS data that includes two recent incidents of clock anomalies in GNSS satellites.