测试结冰界面切向冻粘强度的新方法

提出一种测试结冰界面切向冻粘强度的新方法。设计了新型的拼接式结冰装置,进行圆柱形结冰杆表面的结冰,再通过压缩试验完成切向冻粘强度测试。在上述工作基础上进一步地研究了多个试验因素对切向冻粘强度的影响。试验结果表明:随着接触面积或者冻结时间的增加,切向冻粘强度均呈现先增大后稳定的趋势;随着加载速率的增大,切向冻粘强度值呈现先增加后减小的趋势;在-5～-30℃之间,切向冻粘强度与冻结温度近似为线性关系。     

离散速度方法及其在跨流域问题中的应用研究进展

往返大气层跨流域飞行器的气动力和气动热计算一直是当前流体力学研究的难点和热点之一。由于该类飞行器面临的流动场景不再是单一的连续流或稀薄流,采用Navier-Stokes方程求解器或DSMC方法均不能获得全流域的准确结果。近年来,以不依赖于连续性假设的Boltzmann模型方程为基础,通过在位置空间和速度空间同时离散求解该方程,实现了跨流域问题的统一求解。本文对该类算法的研究进展进行回顾和分析,着重介绍气体动理论统一算法（Gas kinetic unified algorithm, GKUA）、统一气体动理学格式（Unified gas kinetic scheme, UGKS）和改进离散速度方法（Improved discrete velocity method, IDVM）3种数值途径,分析它们的基本假设和实现方式,关注它们目前取得的进展和应用情况。同时,本文还将IDVM进一步扩展到非定常情形,以便用于非定常跨流域问题求解。最后,本文对该类算法存在的一些问题进行讨论,期望在后续的研究中能予以解决。     

磁悬挂天平的轴向力测量(磁悬挂天平技术研究之四)

本文在研究30mm×30mm 磁悬挂天平的轴向力测量问题时,采用了间接测量方法,即对线圈电流和模型位置进行测量,再根据电磁力与两者之间的函数关系来确定轴向外力的大小。文章介绍了电磁铁磁场分布的改进结果,测定了传感器的时间漂移和温度漂移特性,确定了天平的最佳使用时间;采用理论方法和实验方法建立了电磁力与线圈电流之间的函数关系。文章详细介绍了这一实验方法,亦即实验校准过程。对天平系统的测量误差作了分析,结果表明传感器时漂产生0.2%的误差,温漂产生0.15△T%的误差,电流取样电阻的温漂产生0.39△T%的误差。文章讨论了进一步提高天平精度的措施。     

Enhancing the ATIC charge resolution

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed to investigate the charge composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays over the energy range from about 10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ eV during Long Duration Balloon (LDB) flights from McMurdo, Antarctica. Currently, analysis from the ATIC-1 test flight and ATIC-2 science flight is underway and preparation for a second science flight is in progress. Charge identification of the incident cosmic ray is accomplished, primarily, by a pixilated Silicon Matrix detector located at the very top of the instrument. While it has been shown that the Silicon Matrix detector provides good charge identification even in the presence of electromagnetic shower backscatter from the calorimeter, the detector only measures the charge once. In this paper, we examine use of the top scintillator hodoscope detector to provide a second measure of the cosmic ray charge and, thus, improve the ATIC charge identification.     

Gamma-ray detector on board lunar mission Chang’E-1

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is included in the payload of Chinese first lunar mission Chang’E-1 that will be launched in 2007. Specific objectives of the GRS are to map abundance of O, Si, Fe, Ti, U, Th, K, and perhaps, Mg, Al, and Ca to depths of about 20 cm. There are remarkable advantages for GRS application to remote sensing elemental materials over the entire lunar surface: large effective area and good ability for background rejection. We will describe the design of GRS and present its performance in this paper. Moreover, the GRS calibration will also be introduced.     

高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器导航电文生成

为了测试全球定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)接收机的性能,应用GPS信号模拟器来模拟各种条件下真实的GPS信号.GPS卫星信号发生器由硬件、计算机和软件组成.软件主要由卫星导航参数计算模块、目标运动轨迹计算模块、误差计算模块等模块组成.导航电文产生功能模块是高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器要解决的一项关键技术.给出了3个卫星星钟改正参数的物理意义和星历产生模型,根据这些参数并结合相应的时间参数来形成卫星导航电文.通过程序仿真并与导航电文进行验证,证明推导出的星历产生模型基本符合GPS星的星座排列规律.     

直升机旋翼防/除冰电加热控制律仿真

电热防除/冰系统的控制涉及到电加热与外流场的传热耦合,计算较为复杂,可利用的数据资料较为稀少。为探索电热防/除冰系统工作时与外流场的耦合传热规律,建立了二维电热除冰的数学模型,该模型在Messinger模型和改进的焓法模型基础上耦合了外表面与环境的复杂换热以及融冰和重新结冰过程的相变换热;采用控制容积法对控制微分方程进行离散后,使用TDMA（Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm）和ADI（Alternating Direction Implicit）方法对离散得到的线性方程组进行求解,进而得到了除冰表面温度分布,同时揭示了电热防/除冰系统的耦合传热规律;分析了不同结冰条件下,加热时间控制律和加热热流密度对除冰表面温度的影响。计算发现合理设计加热热流密度大小及分布和加热时间控制律,可实现电热除冰系统能源的高效利用,进而确保飞行安全。     

高稳定型稀土永磁起重吊的开发

利用磁与机械力的转换特性,进行了稀土永磁起重吊的研究和设计。设计制作的永磁起重吊不仅克服了电磁铁起重吊存在的能耗大、安全系数小、体积大及拖缆作业等缺点,而且还具有性能稳定、安全可靠、结构简单、操作方便等特点,是一种实用且应用前景广阔的起吊工具。     

Temperature effects in the ATIC BGO calorimeter

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) Balloon Experiment had a successful test flight and a science flight in 2000–01 and 2002–03 and an unsuccessful launch in 2005–06 from McMurdo, Antarctica, returning 16 and 19 days of flight data. ATIC is designed to measure the spectra of cosmic rays (protons to iron). The instrument is composed of a Silicon matrix detector followed by a carbon target interleaved with scintillator tracking layers and a segmented BGO calorimeter composed of 320 individual crystals totaling 18 radiation lengths to determine the particle energy. BGO (Bismuth Germanate) is an inorganic scintillation crystal and its light output depends not only on the energy deposited by particles but also on the temperature of the crystal. The temperature of balloon instruments during flight is not constant due to sun angle variations as well as differences in albedo from the ground. The change in output for a given energy deposit in the crystals in response to temperature variations was determined.     

改进蚁群算法求解时变网络中最短路径问题

给出一种时变网络中蚁群算法的信息素更新策略,使边上残留信息素能够正确反映时变网络中边上权值的变化情况;改进了传统蚁群算法的相邻节点选择策略,使蚂蚁只需计算与当前节点存在直接路径的节点的转移概率,降低算法的计算量;将蚁群算法和遗传算法结合,将蚁群算法每次遍历后形成的解作为初始群种进行单点交叉计算,避免陷入局部最优解,提高算法收敛速度.仿真结果表明,改进的蚁群算法能够有效求解时变网络中最短路径问题,比传统蚁群算法得到全局最优解的概率更大,算法的收敛速度更高.