大气层内拦截弹脉冲姿控发动机快响应控制

气动控制在低动压时其效率会有相当下降,为了使导弹在低动压时仍然具有一定的快速响应性,在导弹上安装脉冲姿控发动机参与姿态控制是一条可行的途径.对此方法的应用作了初步研究.分析了脉冲发动机作用对导弹动力学的影响,在一系列的简化后设计了俯仰平面内的控制策略,其设计思想是用气动舵平衡气动力矩使总的气动力矩为零,使导弹姿态主要由脉冲姿控发动机来控制,并用俯仰角的变化代替攻角的变化设计脉冲姿控发动机控制策略.给出了对阶跃加速度指令的响应仿真结果,表明在具有足够动压时气动控制仍可同脉冲姿控发动机控制媲美,而在低动压时脉冲姿控发动机相对气动控制具有较大优势.      

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

喷雾器喷嘴出口喷流流场特性的实验研究

通过定性定量实验手段研究了以水为单介质流体的某农用喷雾器喷嘴出口流场。首先采用单反相机常规拍摄方法,记录了喷雾压力在50～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场,发现了随着喷雾压力增大,喷嘴出口射流的形状经历了形成液泡到液泡破裂的过程,以及射流发展及最终稳定过程。然后通过PIV测速技术对喷雾压力在1 000～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场进行了定量测量实验研究,获得了在纵向截面上,喷嘴出口速度随喷雾压力增大而增大,且在中心线上的速度随着离喷口距离的增加均呈现振荡衰减的变化规律。在同一位置横向截面上,随着喷雾压力的增加,旋流强度越强,流速越大;而在同一喷雾压力下,离喷嘴出口距离越近的横截面处旋流强度越大,流速也越大。本文实验研究结果验证了PIV测速技术可以用于水雾滴的速度场测量。     

液体火箭发动机离心泵叶轮的多目标优化设计

根据液体火箭发动机系统设计确定的离心泵的性能参数,对泵叶轮的几何参数分别进行了单目标和多目标优化设计。优化目标包括:泵的扬程、效率和轴功率。在多目标优化设计当中,采用超传递近似法对目标之间的重要性进行模糊评价,确定各目标的权值,从而求出优化结果。比较结果表明,多目标优化比单目标优化所得结果更符合工程要求,而对目标的重要性进行评价,所得优化结果更符合设计者的偏好。     

航空武器系统作战效能分析

以美国工业界武器系统效能咨询委员会 (WSEIAC)提出的模型为基本框架 ,在分析了航空武器系统的作战性能指标的基础上 ,建立了航空武器系统作战效能评价方法的数学模型。     

分析实体-壳体组合结构及抗拉压平板-平面梁组合结构的一类过渡元素

本文建立了一类过渡元素,它与同阶次标准等参数实体（或平面）元素及超参数壳体（或平面梁）元素配合协调,可用来处理实体-壳体及抗拉压平板-平面梁这样的非标准交接组合结构。叙述了建立这类过渡元素的一般方式。给出了2次过渡元素的公式系统。数值计算结果表明,这类过渡元素是十分有效的。     

智能机器力觉及力控制研究综述

回顾了智能机器力觉及力控制研究历史,介绍了目前的研究现状,详细分析了现有的4种研究策略：阻抗控制、力／位混合控制、现代控制、智能控制。提出了智能机器力觉及力控制研究的4大关键问题：机器本体及位置伺服;碰撞冲击及稳定性研究;未知环境的约束研究;力传感器及力／位反馈融合,展望了智能机器力觉及力控制研究趋势和应用前景。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

端齿连接转子轴向松弛力（压紧力）计算

 将端齿连接转子的零部件简化归并为４类结构，利用弹性力学、壳体理论、有限元素法及多变量函数插值技术等手段，导出各类结构轴向柔度系数的工程计算表达式，并给出离心力、气动力、热载荷及机动载荷等在各端齿接触面处引起的轴向松弛力或压紧力的计算公式。还介绍了根据本文提出的方法及公式开发的计算机程序，并给出了其应用实例