无人机动力装置的现状与发展

分析了多种无人机动力装置的应用情况;根据无人机动力的发展趋势和需要,提出了发展无人机动力装置的一些看法。     

基于前缘缝翼微型后缘装置的多段翼型被动流动控制

以麦道航空公司的三段增升构型为研究模型,采用剪切应力输运(SST)k-ω湍流模型在C-H型多块结构网格上求解二维非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,研究了前缘缝翼微型后缘装置(MTED)在多段翼型被动流动控制中的应用。由于MTED改变了实际的缝翼缝道参数,因此首先研究了作为主要改变量的缝道宽度对该三段翼型气动性能的影响,当缝道宽度从参考构型的2.95%c增加至3.98%c时,最大总升力系数约减小4.61%。当在不同缝道宽度基本构型上增加相同MTED时,计算结果表明它对各个翼段的影响定性一致,即前缘缝翼升力增加、主翼升力减小以及后缘襟翼升力基本不变化。这些升力变化的综合作用是:MTED构型线性段总升力系数的变化不大,失速段的变化取决于缝道宽度,当缝道宽度为3.98%c时,高度为0.50%c的MTED构型的最大总升力系数约增加6.98%。     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

All-Electric Aircraft Nose Wheel Steering System with Two Worm Gears

As all-electric aircraft has many advantages,an aircraft nose wheel steering system would be developed to the all-electric direction.Concerning the control demand of the nose wheel steering system,based on the basic principles of nose wheel steering system and the design technique of mechanotronics,an all-electric aircraft nose wheel steering system,composed of a nose wheel steering mechanism of two worm gear and a control servo system of fly-by-wire with both steering and anti-shimmy functions is designed to meet the demand for operation control in the nose wheel steering system.Then,based on the LMS-AMESim software,the simulation model of the system is established to simulate the dynamics for the verification of its steering function.The simulation results indicate that the nose wheel steering system is reasonable,and can meet the requirements of the general project.Furthermore,the prototypes of the steering mechanism and control system are studied to validate the design,and the steering test bench is prepared to test the designed system.The test results,such as steer angle,rotate speed of motor are analyzed in details and compared with the theoretical results.The analysis and comparison results show that the design is reasonable and the property of the prototype can achieve the design objectives.     

SiO2气凝胶隔热透波复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以三甲基氯硅烷为改性剂,经表面疏水改性处理和CO2超临界干燥,制备了莫来石纤维增强Si O2气凝胶隔热透波复合材料。并研究了气凝胶复合材料的疏水性能、力学性能、隔热性能及介电性能,结果表明:制备的莫来石纤维增强Si O2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的疏水性能、力学性能、隔热性能和介电性能,是一种性能良好的隔热透波一体化材料。     

GPS航向测量方法分析

通过对三台测量型差分GPS和两台航海型GPS在同一测试点进行同时观测,分别得到300组观测数据,并对这些数据进行计算分析,分别得到两种类型GPS的实测航向,以验证航海型GPS用作航向指向系统研究的可行性.经过计算得到,航海型GPS的平均航向为140. 6134°,航向的最大偏差为3.6227°,测量型差分GPS的平均航向为141.2193°,航向的最大偏差为1.2155°.分析表明,该方法可行.     

表面疲劳裂纹监测系统研制

首先介绍了直流电位法－裂纹扩展片检测裂纹的方法和原理。根据直流电位法原理,采用裂纹扩展片测试裂纹的方法。研制了表面疲裂纹监测系统。通过监测系统软件设计,实现对采样数据,波形和图形进行实时屏幕显示,对表面疲劳裂纹扩展进行动态监视。对于不同应力水平作用下的循环时间可计时累加并再现,可为疲劳裂纹形成寿命的预测提供依据。     

焊接电弧波形和图像的同步采集与再现

进行了焊接电弧高速摄像图像和信号波形的同步采集和再现研究,给出了电弧图像和波形再现具体实现技术,并利用该技术成功地进行了电弧光谱信息检测熔滴过渡过程、二氧化碳短路过渡过程和变极性MIG焊电弧行为的研究。     

E-44环氧树脂体系流变特性研究

以GA327改性芳胺为固化剂,对应用于RTM工艺的E-44环氧树脂体系的流变特性进行了研究。在黏度实验和DSC热分析实验的基础上,依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了与实验数据较为吻合的流变模型。结果表明:E-44/GA327体系在60~85℃内黏度低于800mPa·s,且低黏度保持时间大于20min,在75~85℃内黏度低于300mPa·s的时间可达10min。所得到的模型可揭示树脂在不同工艺条件下的黏度变化规律,定量预报树脂的低黏度平台工艺窗口,为该树脂RTM工艺窗口的确定以及RTM工艺参数优化提供科学依据。     

大迎角振动翼型绕流的数值模拟

通过对非定常N-S方程的数值求解,研究了最大厚度为12％的Karman-Trafftz翼型在Re数为1000时的大迎角俯仰振动。其中着重分析了旋涡结构与表面压强分布的关系。数值研究表明,后缘形状、折合频率等对涡结构演化有重要影响。后缘涡顺利地从后缘脱落时,失速涡在上翼面能诱导出较大的吸力。后缘涡在翼面上驻留时,各涡产生复杂的相互干扰,对失速涡在上翼面产生吸力有不利影响。