高超声速飞行器流动特征分析

在非流线型构件或突起物的扰动效应、高马赫数和低雷诺数极限效应、低湍流度环境效应和由激波或摩擦导致的气动加热效应等4个方面的影响下,未来高超声速飞行器涉及的流动主要表现出这样的特点:典型流动结构强度高、尺度大,如强激波和厚边界层;局部流动结构数量多;激波、膨胀波和边界层结构之间相互干扰十分严重;转捩、压力脉动和一些流动结构对细微因素非常敏感;压力、摩擦应力和热流峰值现象普遍;升阻比屏障难以突破;流场同时依赖大量无量纲参数和有量纲参数,导致实验模拟难度大。本文在回顾传统高超声速流动主要流动现象的基础上,对上述7个方面涉及的典型流动现象的基础研究现状、问题本质和因果关系进行综合描述,讨论如何更有效地面对基础研究和工程实际问题。该文既可为解决典型流动现象中尚未解决的基础研究提供帮助,也可为如何合理地利用有限的已知知识解决工程应用问题提供指导。     

酒石酸钠体系中TC18钛合金阳极氧化膜的制备、表征与疲劳性能

在以酒石酸钠为成膜剂的新型无氟环保电解液体系中对TC18钛合金进行阳极氧化,制备出一种钛合金阳极氧化膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪分析了阳极氧化膜的形貌和相结构。采用电化学方法研究了阳极氧化后TC18钛合金的耐腐蚀性能。采用万能高频疲劳试验机进行高频疲劳试验。结果表明：膜层具有沟壑与鼓包的表面形貌。膜层具有非晶态、锐钛矿型及金红石型TiO₂结构,可能有板钛矿TiO₂结构。阳极氧化后TC18钛合金的耐蚀性有显著的提高。阳极氧化后TC18钛合金的拉伸性能与疲劳性能基本不降低,相比于传统硫酸-磷酸型阳极氧化,拉伸性能和疲劳性能得到了一定的改善。     

基于误差预测修正的液体火箭发动机故障预测方法研究

为解决液体火箭发动机故障预测这一难题,提出一种基于误差预测修正的故障预测方法。在历史数据的基础上建立小波过程神经网络故障预测模型,同步计算学习样本的预测误差,根据上述误差建立双并联离散过程神经网络预测模型。预测时,将预测误差值实时补偿到小波过程神经网络预测模型以提高预测精度。通过液体火箭发动机地面试验中的涡轮泵数据对该方法进了验证。结果表明,该方法在预测精度和适应能力上较单一的过程神经网络预测模型有显著提高,进行10步预测时,预测值的标准化均方根误差为0.392,预测平均耗时为76ms,能够用于解决液体火箭发动机故障预测问题。     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

半球谐振陀螺研究现状与发展趋势

半球谐振陀螺是基于哥氏效应测量角速度的新型固态陀螺,具有结构简单、精度高、功耗低、寿命长、可靠性好、抗空间辐射等优点,是捷联惯性导航系统的理想陀螺仪,在宇航领域具有独特的应用优势。半球谐振陀螺的理论精度不受量子尺寸效应限制,是高精度、微型化陀螺的重要发展方向之一。首先介绍了半球谐振陀螺的基本工作原理,其次介绍了半球谐振陀螺的发展历程,综述了半球谐振陀螺的国内外研究现状,最后对半球谐振陀螺的发展趋势进行了展望。     

模块化永磁直线游标电机等效磁网络及漏磁分析

在模块化永磁直线游标电机的初始设计及优化设计中,使用有限元方法(FEM)计算漏磁系数时需要耗费大量的建模和计算时间。针对这一问题,建立该种电机的等效磁网络模型,在建模期间,考虑气隙中的边缘效应,并计算永磁体组与定子齿在不同相对位置时的等效磁导,得到该种电机在一个周期内不同相对位置时的漏磁磁导和漏磁系数的数学解析表达式。采用FEM验证了该数学解析表达式的准确性。研究结果为模块化永磁直线游标电机的设计提供了理论依据。     

基于最小二乘法的磁力计误差补偿与校准

磁力计在行人自主导航系统中用于提供绝对航行信息,而航向的精度直接决定着系统定位的精度。针对目前磁力计标定方法中存在磁干扰等问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘法和"8"字校准法对磁力计零偏进行实时校准的方法。该方法先利用最小二乘法修正磁力计零偏,再根据磁力计的模值大小及方差作为磁干扰的判断条件,用"8"字旋转方式进行实时校准。通过仿真和实验验证,新的方法有效地解决了磁力计误差补偿问题,证明了改进误差补偿算法的可行性和有效性。     

Dependence on forming parameters of an integral panel during the electromagnetic incremental forming process

Nowadays, more and more attentions are paid to electromagnetic incremental forming(EMIF), especially for a part with a large-scale size, e.g., an integral panel with stiffened ribs. In this work, the bending of a panel into a double-curvature profile via EMIF is carried out experimentally and evaluated by comparing the formed profile with the desired profile. During the process,discharges at four positions along different discharge paths are designed. The effects of forming parameters on the die-fittingness of the workpiece are discussed, for which two evaluation indices are used to judge forming results. The results show that a discharge voltage in an incremental mode is helpful to improve the fittingness and avoid the collision rebound against the die at the same time.Discharging at the diagonal positions with the ‘‘X" discharge path exhibits the minimal shape deviation and the best forming uniformity. On the contrary, discharging at the parallel positions with the ‘‘Z" discharge path obtains the worst forming quality. Overlap of the coil at different positions should be given during EMIF; however, a lower overlap rate of the coil helps improve the forming quality. The results obtained in this work are useful for forming integral panels with stiffened ribs via the EMIF process.     

碳/碳多孔防热复合材料压缩性能研究

常见高性能热防护材料的力学性能较为薄弱,这成为了飞行器热防护系统发展的瓶颈。因此,如何设计热防护材料,使其具有良好隔热效果同时兼具足够的承载能力,成为当前的研究热点。本文针对碳/碳多孔防热复合材料进行了单轴压缩实验,获得了其压缩应力—应变曲线,研究了其压缩变形特征及相应的失效模式,并通过SEM观测变形前后的材料细观结构,分析了材料内部的细观变形机制,也为进一步建立表征材料内部细观结构特征的有限元模型和进行数值模拟研究奠定了实验基础。实验结果表明:材料内部纤维主要沿面内随机分布,呈现出明显的分层现象。受其结构的影响,该材料面内方向力学性能比厚度方向优越。     

碳纤维复合材料基体改性/铜网组合雷击防护性能的研究

传统碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）树脂基体导电性差易遭受雷击损伤,本文使用石墨烯-镀镍碳纤维粉作为导电填料,对树脂基体进行电导率改性,并在表面铺设铜网,进行模拟雷电流冲击试验,检验基体改性/铜网组合雷击防护效果。试验结果表明,树脂基体改性后CFRP层压板在0°、90°纤维方向及厚度方向电导率分别为1.1571×10⁴、1.0871×10⁴、204.2 S/m,分别提高1.54倍、1.16倍、433.47倍。200 kA模拟雷电流A波冲击下,无防护试件雷击附着后明火燃烧,次生效应持续,而单一铜网防护和组合防护则能抑制次生效应;无防护表面最大损伤直径14.62 cm,此能量下铜网被击穿,单一铜网防护表面最大损伤直径19.05 cm,而组合防护表面最大损伤直径8.93 cm,下降53.12%;相比无防护试件,单一铜网和组合防护内部损伤面积分别下降66.2%和96.7%。单一铜网击穿后,树脂烧蚀后产生汽化反冲,增大损伤铜网脱落面积;组合防护铜网击穿后,改性树脂迅速导走电流,减小铜网脱落和内部烧蚀面积。