天基微小空间碎片探测研究

随着空间碎片数量的不断增多,天基微小空间碎片探测已经成为一个热点．首先介绍了空间碎片在低地球轨道上的分布情况以及它对于航天器的危害,然后介绍了国外微小碎片探测器的基本情况,并在这些探测结果的基础上提出了一个探测器方案．这种探测器的传感器采用了新型的压电材料聚偏二氟乙稀(PVDF),使用了飞行时间法(TOF)准确测定空间碎片的飞行速度,以及快脉冲分析系统分析碎片的质量．     

脉冲压缩在铝薄板电磁超声导波检测中的应用

针对电磁超声换能器(EMAT)换能效率低导致超声回波信噪比(SNR)差这一问题,基于相位编码脉冲压缩技术,讨论了匹配滤波器及旁瓣抑制滤波器的设计及其在电磁超声检测中的实现.选用典型二相编码信号-巴克码作为激励信号,分析了不同码长、载波周期数的巴克码信号对电磁超声导波检测脉冲压缩效果的影响,并研究了旁瓣抑制算法的效果.以...     

利用自然能的轨迹可控临近空间浮空器初步设计

文章针对现有临近空间浮空器持久区域驻留期间面临的“超热”、“超压”和抗风机动飞行对材料和能源技术的挑战,提出一种充分利用自然界热能和准零风层风场环境的新型临近空间浮空器技术方案。文章分别介绍了新型临近空间浮空器的工作原理、系统组成、功能特点和飞行操控策略;通过浮空器热建模仿真分析和参数总体设计,研究了主气囊热控参数、浮空器白天和夜间“超热”能力,以及浮空器体积规模之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过主气囊热控参数优化设计,可使浮空器白天“超热”值在100K以上,夜间“超热”值在20K以上,并给出了20~80K“超热”范围内的新型浮空器总体参数设计结果,这些结果满足浮空器高度调节所需浮升能力变化要求。     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

微藻航空燃料的热氧化安定性与热沉

航空燃料安定性和热沉对飞机和发动机工作可靠性、飞机飞行安全及战术性能的发挥有重要作用。利用热重-差热分析联用仪研究了2种典型微藻航油的热氧化安定性和热沉,并与标准航空喷气燃料RP-3进行了对比。结果表明:混合生物油的失重终点温度和最大失重点的温度与标准航空喷气燃料RP-3相比均向高温区移动。在失重区间内,除了物理热沉还有化学热沉的贡献。在热重曲线中定义了2个无量纲参数:引发温度和燃尽指数,引发温度表征起始裂解温度,燃尽指数表征沉积特性。2个参数结合可以较好地诠释燃料的热安定性和热沉。球等鞭金藻油高碳数烷烃在提高热沉基础上导致碳沉积的形成,但小球藻油在热沉提高的基础上,并没有形成碳沉积。说明通过有效控制高碳数烷烃分配比例增加其热沉并控制其积碳在理论和技术上是可行的。