Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管流动参数影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同流动参数对二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管(Dual-throat fluidic Thrust-vectoring Nozzle,DTN)内流特性和推力矢量控制效果的影响。结果表明,DTN在非推力矢量情况下,NPR在3~4范围时,推力系数较大,达到0.968,而流量系数较小,仅为0.93;NPR再增大,推力系数迅速下降。在推力矢量情况下,落压比一定时,随着次流流量比的增加,推力矢量角增加,而流量系数、推力系数、推力矢量效率减小;次流流量比一定时,随着落压比的增加,推力矢量角减小,系统推力系数先增加后减小,流量系数略微增加。     

民用飞机壁板蒙皮及长桁布置结构优化设计

机身壁板是飞机结构设计的重要承载组件,轻量化、高效率、共通性设计及优化是民机设计关注的重点。首先提出一种耦合ABAQUS的Buckle分析及ISIGHT优化的设计方法,利用自编子程序获取ABAQUS屈曲特征值,将特征值输入ISIGHT中计算临界屈曲载荷,同步更新变量参数及ABAQUS文件并提交计算,迭代分析直至优化流程结束。采用上述方法考虑轴向压缩载荷情况,以壁板整体重量最小为优化目标,疲劳应力值为约束条件,对单曲度金属机身壁板的蒙皮厚度,长桁数量及长桁截面厚度等几何参数进行优化。在满足壁板结构承载能力及总重量最小条件下,综合考虑结构载重比,临界应力及壁板加筋比,对比分析出一组最优参数,并与工程算法结果对比吻合程度较好,两者相对误差为3.73%。该优化思路实现FEA平台与优化工作一体化,可用于复合材料壁板设计及结构件减重优化工作,一定程度上可缩短零组件设计周期。     

直缝式等离子体合成射流激励器特性的实验研究

为了研究一种新型的直缝式等离子体合成射流激励器,采用高速纹影技术和电参数测量的方法,对激励器的瞬态流场特性和放电特性进行了研究。实验结果表明:在相同出口面积的情况下,直缝式等离子体合成射流激励器的初始射流速度是直孔式激励器的1.4倍。直缝式激励器速度衰减更快,喷气时间更短,和外部气流的动量交换更加迅速。实验中首次对直缝激励器的三维流场进行描述及分析,发现其前驱激波及射流形态具有更好的平面度,存在较大的均匀区。直缝式等离子体合成射流激励器在提高工作频率、扩大流动控制区间等方面具有一定优势。     

新型压电激励器作用力模拟技术研究

研究轻型结构、直升机旋翼结构和复合材料结构等的颤振飞行试验激励问题具有重要意义。提出以弯矩模拟压电粗纤维复合材料(MFC)激励器的作用力,从而解决MFC仿真建模问题。首先借助机翼有限元模型,建立带有压电激励器的机翼结构动力学仿真模型;然后以压电激励器地面激励试验结果为基础,通过修正仿真模型中压电作用弯矩的大小,实现仿真试验结果与地面试验结果的拟合,最终得出非线性压电激励器作用力;最后通过另一组地面试验数据验证了该作用力的大小,并将该作用力模拟技术应用于不同试验中。本文的研究结果可为后续以该激励器作为激励作动器或控制作动器的试验提供有益参考。     

航空发动机MTBF的Bayes评估

针对航空发动机的试验样本量和故障数据少,采用传统的数学平均值法对其平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）评估不能反映其真实可靠性水平的问题,基于Bayes理论,把历史试验数据视为先验信息,采用矩等效方法确定先验分布,然后通过Bayes理论综合现场试验数据,建立了一种基于Bayes理论的航空发动机MTBF评估方法。该方法可以扩大MTBF评估所需的信息量。采用所提出的Bayes方法对某航空发动机MTBF进行评估,得到其MTBF评估值为302.68h,比采用数学平均值法约提高了18.7%,评估结果更符合实际。表明该方法可应用于航空发动机MTBF的评估。      

示温漆图像等温线提取算法

分析示温漆（TIP）图像特征,根据等温线附近产生局部梯度极值的特点,实验对比了4种边缘提取算法效果。根据实验结果,选用Canny算子提取等温线。提出在边缘提取前进行K means聚类处理,并对K means聚类算法和Canny算子进行了改进。提出了两种K means初始聚类中心的选择方法,更适于示温漆图像的分割。改进了Canny算子的内核,提升了等温线的质量。结果表明:该算法能够快速提取清晰、连续的等温线,效果良好,满足工程应用要求,已用于示温漆自动判读软件开发。      

卫星导航增强系统讨论

回顾了卫星导航增强系统的由来和发展,讨论了卫星导航增强系统的使命及组成,介绍了卫星导航增强系统的演进及部分亮点,探讨了卫星导航增强系统的实质及关键技术,最后对卫星导航增强系统作了讨论、展望与评论。     

飞机机头附近液态水含量分布规律的数值研究

在飞行器飞行过程中,安装在机头上的各类传感器结冰会对飞机的飞行安全产生不利影响。而液态水含量是影响飞机结冰的重要参数,为了更好地进行传感器结构及布局设计,对机头附近液态水含量分布规律进行数值研究。采用计算流体力学方法对飞机飞行时的空气-过冷水滴的稀疏两相流场进行数值模拟,通过求解N-S方程获得空气流场,采用欧拉法求解水滴运动场得到水滴运动轨迹。分析在不同来流马赫数、来流迎角及液滴直径等条件下,机头关键截面上广义水滴遮蔽高度的变化及机头关键位置上液态水含量的变化规律,研究不同状态参数对液态水含量分布的影响。结果表明:水滴遮蔽高度及浓度增加区范围随马赫数增大而增加,迎角的变化对机头上下表面液态水含量分布产生相反的影响。