高能(450kV)X射线参考辐射场附加过滤研究

利用MCNP程序对450kV X光机建立模型,计算各参考辐射质下的原级谱、平均光子能量。对ISO4037-1中已有范围的管电压与附加过滤片厚度关系曲线进行二次拟合,确定模拟厚度范围。利用MCNP计算各附加过滤组合下的平均光子能量值,并与外推法得出的平均光子能量值进行对比,将相对偏差最小时的附加过滤作为最终确定值。从部分能量点的模拟与测量结果的对比可看出,模拟得出的平均光子能量在2%以内与PTB及中国计量院测量结果保持一致,附加过滤最大相对偏差为18%。     

一种基于系留无人机的图像遥测系统设计

针对海上船舶甲板的监控需求,本文提出了一种基于系留无人机的图像遥测系统设计方法,即通过系留无人机上的图像采集装置对被监控目标进行视频信号实时采集、压缩,再经过遥测装置的编码、调制、放大后由天线进行辐射,最后由数十公里外的遥测接收机完成接收、解调、解码,可实时显示船舶甲板图像信息。文中介绍了系统的软硬件组成、关键设备的设计方法、综合性能的分析,对相关图像遥测技术应用有一定参考意义。     

利用掩星温度数据推算大气月平均纬向风场

为了弥补中高层大气风场探测数据的不足,对2007年COSMIC全球掩星在20～60km高度内的温度数据进行网格化插值,利用梯度风计算方法,计算得到20～60km高度内的月平均纬向风场,分别与ECMWF再分析数据和HWM07模式进行对比分析.结果表明,利用COSMIC温度数据计算得出的纬向风与ECMWF的纬向风十分接近,而与HWM07结果有一定差异,但总体变化趋势一致.与ECMWF再分析数据相比,利用COSMIC温度数据计算的月平均纬向风场平均偏差为-1.50～-0.08m·^-1,标准差为1.50～11.95m·^-1.与HWM07模式风场相比,利用COSMIC温度计算的月平均纬向风场平均偏差为-0.83～1.21m·^-1,标准差为3.69～11.14m·^-1.     

基于小波包分解和FCM聚类的纹理图像分割方法

提出了一种新的图像特征提取中选取最优小波分解树的方法.塔式小波分解对信号解不够全面,而小波包全分解又引入庞大的计算量,因此小波分解最优树的选取尤为重要.结合模糊c均值(FCM,Fuzzy C-Mean)聚类,提出了一种能同时进行小波自适应分解和纹理特征分类的纹理图像分割方法,该方法将无监督聚类中的聚类有效性参数引入到自适应小波分解的判决中,能根据无监督聚类分割的需要,自适应地选取小波包分解的树形结构和分解层数.相对于小波包全分解,节省了大量的运算,并能取得良好的分割效果.      

空间小推力轨道最优Bang-Bang控制的两类延拓解法综述

介绍了空间小推力轨道优化问题中的最优Bang-Bang控制问题,对两类延拓解法给出了描述:第一类解法首先求解能量最优解,然后采用能量–燃耗同伦得到最优Bang-Bang控制;第二类解法引入推力开关切换准则,以双脉冲解作为初解,通过参数延拓得到最优Bang-Bang控制。对两类延拓解法进行了比较,指出了各自的优势与特点。对延拓方法应用于求解更加复杂的小推力轨道设计问题进行了展望,提出了包含初解、延拓与拼接三要素的人工智能轨道优化概念。     

电离总剂量复合屏蔽模拟仿真及验证试验

空间环境中辐射粒子的电离总剂量效应对卫星电子器件危害严重,需要采用合适的材料进行屏蔽防护.本文采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟材料对电子的屏蔽,将双层复合屏蔽方法与单质屏蔽方法进行对比,结果表明对电子而言,复合屏蔽在屏蔽厚度足够大时比单质屏蔽效果更好.利用⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y电子放射源进行了复合屏蔽效果的验证试验,试验结果与模拟结果规律相符,研究结果可为辐射防护的优化设计提供参考.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

Intra-annual variations of the thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006

We investigate the intra-annual variations of globally averaged thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006 by using Artificial Neural Network Method (ANNM). The results indicate that thermospheric density is governed by solar activity, and the absolute error of our model is 13.67%, less than NRLMSISE-00 model. Fourier representation can catch the intra-annual variations more accurately than NRLMSISE-00 model and JB2008 model especially during 2002. We find that the Autumn maximum is slightly greater than Spring maximum during solar minimum, while the reverse is correct during solar maximum. There is a strong linear relation between solar activity and the amplitude of annual/semiannual variations, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9534 and 0.9424, respectively. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of the annual to semiannual variation is about 1.3 averaged, and changes in different years, but it has little relation with solar activity. Besides that, the amplitude of annual variation is larger than semiannual variation during 1996 and 2006 except 1998 and 2000. The relative error of NRLMSISE-00 model is 14.95%, decreasing to 12.49% after revising, and the correlation coefficients between this empirical model and its improved results and the observation are 0.8185 and 0.9210, respectively. Finally, we suggest the revised version of MSIS series of model should use the Fourier representation to express the intra-annual variations.     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.