动静干涉下高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能分析

为了探索航空发动机高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响因素及其作用规律，对叶片高速旋转作用下某航空发动 机高压涡轮外环的非定常气膜冷却过程进行了3维数值模拟。应用滑移网格技术实现了涡轮叶片与涡轮外环壁面之间的相对运 动以及转子与静子之间干涉作用的模拟；分析了叶片的旋转作用、吹风比、气膜射流方向、气膜轴向射流角度等因素对高压涡轮外 环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明：在高吹风比下应防止叶片前缘上游气膜孔冷却裕度不足现象的发生；逆向排布的 气膜孔更适合在高吹风比下使用；当气膜入射角由45°减小为30°时，外环面平均气膜冷却效率时均值增大18.54%，显著提高了涡 轮外环冷却的冷气利用效率。     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

空间运输飞行器材料与制造技术需求分析

空间运输飞行器已经成为国际航天技术新的发展趋势,对材料和制造技术从两方面提出了新的需求:异形贮箱制造技术和热控材料与制造技术。本文对这两个问题进行了分析,结果表明:异形贮箱和热控硬件的材料与制造是制约空间运输飞行器发展的基础技术,必须在空间运输飞行器研制热潮之前先期突破。     

Development of an improved ground-based prototype of space plant-growing facility

Based on a formerly developed ground-based prototype of space plant-growing facility, the development of its improved prototype has been finished, so as to make its operating principle better adapt to the space microgravity environment. According to the developing experience of its first generation prototype and detailed demonstration and design of technique plan, its blueprint design and machining of related components, whole facility installment, debugging and trial operations were all done gradually. Its growing chamber contains a volume of about 0.5 m³ and a growing area of approximate 0.5 m²; the atmospheric environmental parameters in the growing chamber and water content in the growing media were controlled totally and effectively; lighting source is a combination of both red and blue light emitting diodes (LED). The following demonstrating results showed that the entire system design of the prototype is reasonable and its operating principle can nearly meet the requirements of space microgravity environment. Therefore, our plant-growing technique in space was advanced further, which laid an important foundation for next development of the space plant-growing facility and plant-cultivating experimental research in space microgravity condition.     

Neoplastic cell transformation by high-LET radiation: molecular mechanisms.

Experimental data on molecular mechanisms are essential for understanding the bioeffects of radiation and for developing biophysical models, which can help in determining the shape of dose-response curves at very low doses, e.g., doses less than 1 cGy. Although it has been shown that ionizing radiation can cause neoplastic cell transformation directly, that high-LET heavy ions in general can be more effective than photons in transforming cells, and that the radiogenic cell transformation is a multi-step process [correction of processes], we know very little about the molecular nature of lesions important for cell transformation, the relationship between lethal and transformational damages, and the evolution of initial damages into final chromosomal aberrations which alter the growth control of cells. Using cultured mouse embryo cells (C3H10T1/2) as a model system, we have collected quantitative data on dose-response curves for heavy ions with various charges and energies. An analysis of these quantitative data suggested that two DNA breaks formed within 80 angstroms may cause cell transformation and that two DNA breaks formed within 20 angstroms may be lethal. Through studies with restriction enzymes which produce DNA damages at specific sites, we have found that DNA double strand breaks, including both blunt- and cohesive-ended breaks, can cause cell transformation in vitro. These results indicate that DNA double strand breaks can be important primary lesions for radiogenic cell transformation and that blunt-ended double strand breaks can form lethal as well as transformational damages due to misrepair or incomplete repair in the cell. The RBE-LET relationship is similar for HGPRT gene mutation, chromosomal deletion, and cell transformation, suggesting common lesions may be involved in these radiation effects. The high RBE of high-LET radiation for cell killing and neoplastic cell transformation is most likely related to its effectiveness in producing DNA double strand breaks in mammalian cells. At present the role of oncogenes in radiation cell transformation is unclear.     

有人-无人机协同空战机动决策研究

目前，有关无人机空战的研究主要考虑无人机的完全自主决策机动算法，关于有人机有限监督决策下的空战机动决策的研究鲜有报道，更缺乏对有人—无人机协同作战的研究。为实现无人机协同空战过程中的自主机动，设计一种基于路径规划技术的有人—无人机协同空战机动决策模型。首先，引入动态栅格环境，自适应调整栅格规模和分辨率，以弥补静态栅格环境规划空间越大规划效率越低的缺陷；然后，将A star 算法规划路径作为参考路径，提出ACO-A star 混合路径规划算法，以提升ACO 算法的寻优效能；最后，基于均值聚类算法设计有人—无人机协同空战机动决策算法。进行空战对抗仿真模拟，结果表明：所提出的算法具有更好的决策正确性，可有效提升空战胜率。     

嵌金属丝推进剂燃烧起始阶段增速特性研究

考虑了使用嵌金属丝装药的发动机工作过程中的多种因素,建立了金属丝与药柱、燃气间相互作用的控制方程组,并对方程组进行了数值求解,得到了嵌金属丝推进剂在燃烧起始阶段,增速比随时间的详细变化过程。结果表明,金属丝的热扩散率、熔点、直径和黑度以各自不同的方式影响金属丝的增速效果,熔点相对较低的金属丝可能会在内弹道曲线的初始阶段形成一个轻微的压强峰,固有燃速较低、着火温度较低的推进剂对嵌入金属丝较为敏感。文中数值方法计算量小,结果可靠,适于工程应用。     

圆轨道星座全球覆盖的充分必要条件

对采用圆轨道的星座，目前的研究基本上局限于实际应用方面，很少进行理论方面的研究，本文首次提出并证明了达到全球连续多重覆盖的充要条件。这对进行星座设计具有积极的指导意义。     

基于量子行为鸽群优化的无人机紧密编队控制

随着军事、民用需求的提高和相关领域的技术推动，无人机编队协同作业已成为当今人们逐渐关注的焦点。无人机紧密编队是指无人机间侧向距离在1~2倍翼展内的编队，因其可有效改善编队中无人机的气动性能而备受瞩目。基于无人机紧密编队条件下的气动耦合效应，建立三维空间下的状态空间方程描述双机相对运动，并推导了紧密编队条件下的双机最优编队构型，在此构型下将人工势场法和编队控制相结合作为控制系统中的间接控制环，并针对基本鸽群优化算法的寻优缺陷利用量子行为规则对其进行改进，将改进后的鸽群优化算法和无人机控制量结合作为控制系统中的直接控制环，最后通过仿真对比验证了此控制系统对于紧密编队控制的有效性。     

月面探测器月夜休眠自主唤醒方法

提出一种月面探测器休眠自主唤醒方法:月夜来临时通过地面控制对月面探测器所有设备进行休眠操作;月昼来临时靠太阳光触发唤醒功能,由休眠唤醒电路自主发送指令唤醒探测器,解决月面探测器安全可靠度过月夜的能源供给问题。该方法已通过在轨验证,可为其他深空探测任务提供参考。