多电飞机作动系统的体系结构优化(英文)

多电技术的深入发展使得飞机上可选择的功率源和作动器种类越来越多,这导致在机载作动系统体系结构优化设计过程中出现了不同功率源和作动器组合的极端复杂性,传统的"试凑"法已无法完成设计任务。首先介绍了多电飞机飞控作动系统(Flight Control Actuation System,FCAS)的组成,计算了其可能的体系结构数量;其次提出了FCAS体系结构在安全性、重量和效率方面的评价指标,计算了全机各舵面均采用同类作动器时的评价指标值;最后对比分析了现有的各种多目标优化算法,采用遗传算法给出了多电飞机FCAS体系结构的多目标优化设计结果。对比传统的只采用阀控液压伺服作动器的作动系统体系结构,优化后的体系结构可以在满足安全可靠性要求的前提下使系统的重量减轻6%左右,效率提高30%左右。     

Strategic flight assignment approach based on multi-objective parallel evolution algorithm with dynamic migration interval

The continuous growth of air traffic has led to acute airspace congestion and severe delays, which threatens operation safety and cause enormous economic loss. Flight assignment is an economical and effective strategic plan to reduce the flight delay and airspace congestion by reasonably regulating the air traffic flow of China. However, it is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem which is difficult to solve. In order to improve the quality of solutions, an effective multi-objective parallel evolution algorithm(MPEA) framework with dynamic migration interval strategy is presented in this work. Firstly, multiple evolution populations are constructed to solve the problem simultaneously to enhance the optimization capability. Then a new strategy is proposed to dynamically change the migration interval among different evolution populations to improve the efficiency of the cooperation of populations. Finally, the cooperative co-evolution(CC) algorithm combined with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II) is introduced for each population. Empirical studies using the real air traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our method outperforms the existing approaches, multiobjective genetic algorithm(MOGA), multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEA/D), CC-based multi-objective algorithm(CCMA) as well as other two MPEAs with different migration interval strategies.     

Navigation Accuracy Category-Position Models and Estimate Position Uncertainty Calculations for TIS-B System

Navigation accuracy category-position (NACp) is an important parameter for system accuracy of traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B), which is determined by estimate position uncertainty (EPU). Centered about the problems that the existing EPU calculation based on noise measurement is low in accuracy and unfit for describing uncorrected biases in target reports, this article analyses the traditional NACp model, and uses the least square estimation (LSE) in EPU calculation. Furthermore, it proposes an extended NACp model, which considers both noise and biases and acquires EPU estimation with the help of approximate multiplex Taylor expression. Analysis and simulation show that the proposed method not only leads to significant improvement of the accuracy of EPU calculation, but is fit for EPU calculation with tracking biases in TIS-B system as well. As such it can find application in practice to depict different kinds of error models in TIS-B system.     

A New Optimal Hatch Filter to Minimize the Effects of Ionosphere Gradients for GBAS

At present, the main problem faced by ground-based augment system （GBAS） is that though carder smoothing filter and local differential global positioning system （LDGPS） improve the accuracy of the pseudorange by reducing the noise in it and eliminating almost all the common errors between the user and the reference station, they also cause extra errors on account of the effects of the ionosphere temporal and spatial gradients. Based on the analysis of these errors as well as the smoothing noise, this article suggests a new algorithm to design the optimal Hatch filter, whose smoothing window width varies real-time with the satellite elevation, ionosphere variation, and distance from the user to the reference station. By conducting the positioning process in the GBAS emulation platform for several hours and after its comparison with the performances of traditional Hatch filters, it is found that the errors in the differential correction become smaller and the positioning accuracy gets heightened with this new method.     

低线胀系数环氧灌封胶的改进与性能

胶黏剂中的填料可以有效提高粘接材料间的线胀系数匹配性,但是分散性和相容性也是需要注意的一个重要问题。本文对填料进行了表面化学改性,采用红外光谱法和元素扫描分析法对填料的改性效果进行了表征。测试结果表明,硅烷偶联剂在填料表面形成了接枝效果。改进后灌封胶的线胀系数从83.9×10~(-6)/K降低到41.8×10~(-6)/K,降低了约50.1%。工艺优化结果显示环氧灌封胶的灌封温度为60℃,操作时长可延长至3 h;固化工艺为65℃/2 h+105℃/4 h+135℃/2 h。     

某航空用扭转弹簧失效分析(英文)

某型扭转弹簧零件主要用于航空机构中,在装配过程中出现裂纹和发生断裂。通过视频显微镜、扫描电镜、金相显微镜等分析方法,对断裂弹簧裂纹、断口特征及其附近损伤形貌进行了宏、微观观察和覆盖物的能谱分析。在试验结果和数据的基础上,结合加工工艺综合分析失效的性质和原因。金相组织检查未发现材质异常,失效与材质无关。弹簧裂纹和断裂都起始于内表面,因此裂纹的萌生发生在弹簧绕制后镀镉前。裂纹张开方向与弹簧内表面的残余拉应力方向一致,而且绕制后、镀镉前接触氢介质。弹簧失效的原因是残余拉应力和氢共同作用下发生氢致延迟开裂。     

局域增强系统级联双频平滑技术研究(英文)

针对电离层误差时间梯度和空间梯度对局域增强系统的不利影响,提出使用级联双频平滤波方法解决此问题。级联双频平滤波先使用一个双频平滑滤波器精确估计电离层误差,利用得到的估计值修正码伪距观测量中的电离层误差,再使用一个双频平滑滤波器削弱噪声。这样,电离层误差被完全从平滑过程中移出,由L2码观测量引入的附加的噪声也被压制。基于中国民航新航行系统实验室的局域增强系统测试平台所采集的数据对级联双频平滤波的有效性和基于级联双频平滤波的局域增强系统的精度进行了分析。结果表明级联双频平滤波技术可以同时消除电离层误差时间梯度和空间梯度导致的平滑滤波残差和差分校正残差,并具有较低的滤波噪声。     

钛合金热等静压粉末冶金技术的发展现状

钛合金在航空航天领域有广泛的应用前景,钛合金热等静压粉末冶金技术的发展为解决大型钛合金复杂构件的制备难题提供了一种新的技术途径。本文较为系统的介绍了该技术的特点、起源和研究现状,以及航天材料及工艺研究所在该技术领域所做的研究工作,并对该技术在型号中的应用做了简要的介绍。     

复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场分析

 本文用有限元法研究了复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场。考虑了各种温度边界条件。假定各铺层是横观各向同性的,但其铺设方向可以是任意的。对8节点等参元,提出了一种新的集中热容阵,有效地提高了瞬态温度场计算精度。根据本文提供的数值结果,讨论了层合壳的热传导规律,并通过比较瞬态热应力与稳态热应力的分布和大小,阐述了瞬态效应。     

双星跟飞立体成像的构形保持控制

针对强干扰及输出饱和条件下微小双星立体成像的构形保持问题,提出一种基于观测器的抗干扰复合控制策略.根据立体成像双星跟飞运动机理,建立双星相对运动动力学模型;设计了一种自适应干扰观测器,可同时实现系统状态和干扰信息的在线估计,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式技术给出观测器存在条件.采用极点配置方法改善观测器系统的动态性能,引入指数衰减因子提高控制器的收敛速度.考虑执行机构的输出饱和特性,提出一种加权PD+LQR反馈与干扰前馈补偿的复合控制策略,能够抑制未知干扰的影响,保证系统的动态和稳态性能,具备双星构形保持控制能力.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.