双向比对高精度物理时间同步方法

提出一种面向未来卫星在轨应用的闭环物理高精度时间同步方法。比较了所提方法与其他时间同步方法的区别与优势，建立了远程系统时间同步基本模型与误差传递模型，基于双向测距和时间传递技术分析了高精度钟差获取原理，给出了时钟调整环路的时域频域参数依赖关系。完成了高精度时间同步地面试验系统构建，测试了开环非调钟状态下钟差测量精度误差、闭环调钟状态下时间同步准确度误差以及长时运行情况下的时间同步监测结果。测试结果表明，该方法能够实现优于1 ns量级的时间同步，为高精度时间同步技术研究提供了新的途径。     

寒冷地区农村建筑围护结构热工性能优化及经济性研究

农村建筑热工性能较差,采暖季能耗居高不下。本文通过Dest软件建立模型,对寒冷地区农村建筑不同围护结构下能耗情况进行模拟,并建立P1-P2经济分析模型,以全生命周期费用最小或者净现值最大确定合理的外墙保温层厚度及窗户类型。     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

“三美论”下的《红楼梦》“雪景联诗”两英译本赏析

许渊冲教授提出的"三美"翻译理论对于诗歌翻译具有重要的指导作用。从"三美"原则出发,分别以Hawks David及杨宪益、戴乃迭的《红楼梦》译本中"雪景联诗"为研究对象,通过对比分析探讨其得与失,旨在为中国古典诗歌翻译提供一些可供借鉴的方法。     

均匀各向同性大气湍流对声爆传播特性的影响

基于离散Fourier模态有限和生成的随机大气湍流场，采用修正波形参数方法，开展了均匀各向同性大气湍流对典型超声速客机声爆传播特性的影响分析。计算采用的超声速客机模型为自行生成的简化超声速公务机模型。首先，应用航空工业空气动力研究院自主研制的CFD软件ARI_Overset在三维空间求解Navier-Stokes方程，得到作为声爆远场传播初始值的近场空间压力分布；其次，基于Von Karman能量谱，采用离散Fourier模态有限和形式生成随机均匀各向同性大气湍流场；最后，采用修正波形参数方法模拟了声爆信号在随机速度湍流场中的传播过程。数值结果表明：各向同性大气湍流对于地面声爆特征有重要影响。与无湍流状态相比，均匀各向同性大气湍流使得地面声爆特征增强的概率约为55%，使得地面声爆特征减弱的概率约为45%，故总体而言大气湍流效应更倾向于增强地面声爆特征；均匀各向同性大气湍流对于声爆传播路径影响相对较小，但是这一变化仍会导致地面信号接收点的不确定性。     

在实时嵌入式环境下利用电子盘实现大容量数据记录的软件设计研究

嵌入式环境和实时操作系统目前广泛应用于航空领域。本文在介绍嵌入式系统的基础上,重点对实时多任务环境下大容量数据记录的实现方式进行了研究和利用,最后展望了电子盘实时多任务系统中记录大容量数据的前景。     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

Effects on winter circulation of short and long term solar wind changes

Indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation show correlations on the day-to-day timescale with the solar wind speed (SWS). Minima in the indices were found on days of SWS minima during years of high stratospheric aerosol loading. The spatial distribution of surface pressure changes during 1963–2011 with day-to-day changes in SWS shows a pattern resembling the NAO. Such a pattern was noted for year-to-year variations by Boberg and Lundstedt (2002), who compared NAO variations with the geo-effective solar wind electric field (the monthly average SWS multiplied by the average southward component, i.e., negative Bz component, of the interplanetary magnetic field). The spatial distribution of the correlations of geopotential height changes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the SWS; the geo-effective electric field (SWS∗Bz); and the solar 10.7 cm flux suggests that solar wind inputs connected to the troposphere via the global electric circuit, together with solar ultraviolet irradiance acting on the stratosphere, affect regional atmospheric dynamics.     

砝码磁性测量过程中几何形状修正因子的计算与影响

通过一系列实验和数据,讨论用磁化率计法测量砝码磁性时各测量分量对砝码磁化率测量结果的影响,并着重分析了砝码几何形状修正因子的测量与确定,比较不同测量方式的特点,以求减少砝码磁性测量时的误差。