大攻角风洞自由飞动导数实验研究

实验是在0.2×0.2m~2超音速风洞中进行的,其来流Mach数为2.0。模型为带翼导弹模型。实验时用气体发射装置将模型向实验段上游发射;并以另一气流横吹模型使其呈大攻角状态飞行。最大攻角可达100°。采用高速鼓轮相机记录模型飞行姿态随时间的变化。用改进的数值积分法进行数据处理,求得俯仰阻尼导数随攻角的变化。     

在非定常气动力作用下弹性飞行器的动稳定性及主动控制

首先导出了在非定常气动力作用下的弹性飞行器纵向运动方程。而后就简化的非定常气动力数学模型提出了分析气动弹性对飞行器稳定性影响的方法。并从有效抑制飞行器的弹性振动角度研究主动反馈控制、操纵面及陀螺位置合适选择的最优综合设计问题。     

航天飞机三维最优再入轨道及气动加热过程

本文应用现代控制理论研究了航天飞行器三维最优再入轨道和与轨道参数密切相关的气动加热过程。文中选择飞行器迎角和倾斜角作为控制变量,以飞行器气动加热率和飞行过载沿轨道积分最小作为优化性能指标,按极大原理导出最优再入轨道有约束控制的非线性两点边值问题。采用了数值优化方法——共轭梯度法求解有升力飞行器的最优再入轨道及其热过程。文中以允许误差法讨论了权系数和罚函数的选取方法;对不同速度范围研究了不同的加热模型;按热平衡方程与优化轨道同步迭代的方法求得了算例数值结果。算例的数值结果与文献[13]的量值是一致的。     

导航卫星的短弧运动学定轨

导航卫星在姿轨控和轨道恢复期间,由于观测数据有限,传统的统计定轨理论难以实现导航卫星精密定轨。本文尝试采用一种不依赖轨道动力学的、新的运动学定轨方法来处理短弧和复杂动力学过程中的定轨,提出了基于多项式拟合的短弧运动学定轨算法,并提出2种不同的实现方案。该算法充分利用了高采样率的测轨数据,减少了结果的噪声,其优点在于不需要长时间累积测轨数据,可以实现近实时快速计算,克服了动力学法定轨发散和单点定位无法获得卫星速度信息等不足。对COMPASS M-01导航卫星实测数据的处理表明,10min左右短弧运动学定轨的位置精度可以优于10m,速度精度优于4cm/s,满足了短弧跟踪条件下RDSS对卫星轨道精度的要求,实现了短弧跟踪条件下卫星精密定轨,但从轨道预报精度来看,该方法仅仅适用于短期预报。     

经营多角化的结合效应与度量

经营多角化多年来一直是产业经济学家和政策制定者关注的焦点之一。本文对如何取得多角化经营的结合效应作了分析,并给出了经营多角化的度量方法。     

Design and implementation of an AC active load simulator circuit

An AC active load simulator circuit which can simulate a desired load impedance with a power factor from zero to unity (leading or lagging) for the tested AC source is realized and tested. An interface circuit is designed to compute the simulated current waveform for the load-driver circuit according to the specified program of the system control unit and the measured source frequency and voltage amplitude. Both inductive and capacitive loads can be simulated by adjusting the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms. A software feedback control approach is employed to adjust the current amplitude and the power factor for the purpose of maintaining the impedance value constant regardless of the variation of the source voltage amplitude     

Image texture synthesis-by-analysis using moving-average models

A synthesis-by-analysis model for texture replication or simulation is presented. This model can closely replicate a given textured image or produce another image that although distinct from the original, has the same general visual characteristics and the same first and second-order gray-level statistics as the original image. The texture synthesis algorithm, proposed contains three distinct components: a moving-average (MA) filter, a filter excitation function, and a gray-level histogram. The analysis portion of the texture synthesis algorithm derives the three from a given image. The synthesis portion convolves the MA filter kernel with the excitation function, adds noise, and modifies the histogram of the result. The advantages of this texture model over others include conceptually and computationally simple and robust parameter estimation, inherent stability, parsimony in the number of parameters, and synthesis through convolution. The authors describe a procedure for deriving the correct MA kernel using a signal enhancement algorithm, demonstrate the effectiveness of the model by using it to mimic several diverse textured images, discuss its applicability to the problem of infrared background simulation, and include detailed algorithms for the implementation of the model     

Performance analysis for DOA estimation algorithms: unification,simplification, and observations

Subspace based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has motivated many performance studies, but limitations such as the assumption of an infinite amount of data and analysis of individual algorithms generally exist in these performance studies. The authors have previously proposed a unified performance analysis based on a finite amount of data and achieved a tractable expression for the mean-squared DOA estimation error for the multiple signal classification (MUSIC). Min-Norm, estimation of signal parameters using rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT), and state-space realization algorithms. However, this expression uses the singular values and vectors of a data matrix, which are obtained by the highly nonlinear transformation of the singular value decomposition (SVD). Thus the effects of the original data parameters such as numbers of sensors and snapshots, source coherence and separations were not explicitly analyzed. The authors unify and simplify this previous result and derive a unified expression based on the original data parameters. They analytically observe the effects of these parameters on the estimation error     

二级入轨航天运载器最优分离飞行状态研究

研究水平起降二级入轨航天运载器分离飞行状态（飞行高度、轨迹倾角、马赫数）对轨道器在分离点处的质量（包括结构质量、燃料质量等）的影响。主要内容包括：针对以火箭发动机为动力的轨道器，建立了上升段运动方程。采用静态可变误差多面体算法加上动态共轭梯度法数值优化了轨道器上升段轨迹，优化的性能指标是分离点处轨道器的总质量最小，初始条件受到载机上升段走廊的约束，终端约束是某指定的目标轨道。对分离状态与轨道器总体方案（升阻比、推力、比冲等）对轨道器总质量的影响作了大量数值仿真。针对某飞行器模型，得到了一组最优分离飞行状态。拟合出估算分离状态对轨道器总体方案的影响计算公式。得到了合理选择分离飞行状态的结论。     

产品开发机制初探

国营大中型企业缺乏内在活力,发展后劲不足,除了一些客观因素之外,企业产品开发过程中存在的问题是其重要原因之一。对此本文作了一定分析,并提出了建立企业产品开发机制的思路,旨在使企业不断地推出适销对路的新产品,以充分发挥国有大中型企业在国民经济发展中的主导地位。