新型非接触式径向C4D传感器优化设计

基于电容耦合式非接触电导检测(C4D)技术,设计研发了一种新型径向结构的非接触式电导测量传感器。该传感器利用串联谐振的原理,引入电感模块以消除耦合电容对测量的不利影响,扩大了测量范围,提高了测量灵敏度。同时,用仿真与实验相结合的方法对传感器的电极张角进行了优化研究。在5.0、7.5、9.1、10.2和12.0 mm 5种不同内径的管道中进行了电导测量实验,电导测量相对误差均不超过5%,实验结果表明,所设计的新型非接触式径向C~4D电导测量传感器是可行和有效的。     

Effect of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of VW63Z Alloy

The effects of isothermal heat treatment on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, wt.%) alloy are studied. It shows that the microstructure of VW63Z alloy could transform from equiaxed crystal to semi-solid spherical crystal after isothermal heat treatment above 620 ºC. With the heating temperature elevating from 620 ºC to 635 ºC and the holding time prolonging from 10 min to 35 min, the liquid fraction increases gradually. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., particle coarsening and spheroidization;particle necking, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening;and dynamic equilibrium. The semi-solid process window of VW63Z alloy ranges from 620 ºC to 635 ºC, where the best process parameters are holding at 635 ºC for 20 min?30 min. The solid fraction, the average particle size, and the shape factor are 41.1%?53.8%, 81.5 μm?83.2 μm, and 0.70?0.75, respectively. The maximum relative deviations of the solid fraction, the particle size, and the shape factor at different heights of the same billet are 44.6%, 17.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, which means that it should pay attention to the uniformity of edge and core of VW63Z alloy during isothermal heat treatment. The driving force of microstructure is supposed to be the reduction of solid-liquid interface free energy.     

Integral method for calculating a turbofan engine thrust reverser jet interacting with an external stream

An integral method is proposed for calculating a jet propagating from the turbofan engine thrust reverser and interacting with a stream formed as a result of the after-landing aircraft run. The calculation results for the PS-90 engine are presented. The calculation data obtained show that the mathematical model developed adequately describes a qualitative pattern of main parameter variation in the sector jet propagating in a stream.     

Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons

The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere.     

基于双响应波段工作的红外热像仪测温原理与误差分析

为了提高红外热像仪测温的准确性,根据红外辐射理论,从红外热像仪的测温原理出发,分析了基于双响应工作波段的热像仪的测温原理,得出了目标物体的发射率、物体温度计算公式以及相应误差的估算公式,分析了各影响因素对热像仪测量准确度的影响,提供了一种目标物体发射率的测定方法,对利用红外热像仪准确测量内燃机等热能机械表面温度具有重要的意义。     

独立电源多智能体信息融合故障诊断方法

对独立电源系统进行故障诊断与预测研究是保证整个复杂运动装置系统安全性工程的重要环节.分析了目前独立电源故障诊断系统中存在的问题,提出采用多传感器信息融合和多智能体技术相结合的方法来提高故障诊断的可靠性和系统的扩展性.利用智能体的自主性、分布性和协作性,构建了独立电源多智能体信息融合故障诊断系统.根据独立电源故障征兆的特点,将D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论引入到多神经网络的诊断结果融合技术中,阐述了多神经网络局部诊断智能体和D-S证据理论融合诊断智能体的具体实现方法.最后,以某型航空电源故障诊断为例,给出了故障实例的诊断仿真,结果表明该方法可有效提高诊断可信度.     

细粒度AP的改性双基推进剂燃速预示模型

在一维气相稳态反应流模型的基础上,讨论了细粒度AP对改性双基(CMDB)推进剂燃速的影响,引入工艺粒度d*s,修正了AP对燃烧表面结构影响因子fAP和分解影响因子gAP,建立了适用于细粒度AP的CMDB推进剂燃速预示模型,该模型可从推进剂化学结构参数出发,定量计算AP-Al-CMDB推进剂的燃速。结果表明:在压强9.8～19.6MPa条件下,不同AP粒度和含量下的燃速计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,大部分误差在5.0%,检验了模型的可靠性,对推进剂配方研制具有较好的指导意义。     

航空航天复合材料应用的最新进展

文章介绍了先进复合材料的最新进展情况,内容包括用于最新复合材料体系的各种增强纤维、树脂基体,及复合材料结构设计的一些新概念。重点介绍了低成本和高效的制造技术。复合材料重要结构件的制造技术在不断改进,制造出的部件不仅精度和强度更高,而且更显成本效益。文章还介绍了航空航天领域一些新研发的复合材料结构件。     

Fourier methods for turbomachinery applications

Rapid increase in computing power has made a huge difference in scales and complexities of the problems in turbomachinery that we can tackle by use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is recognised, however, that there is always a need for developing efficient methods for applications to blade designs. In a design cycle, a large number of flow solutions are sought to interact iteratively or concurrently with various options, opportunities and constraints from other disciplines. This basic requirement for fast prediction methods in a multi-disciplinary design environment remains unchanged, regardless of computer speed. And it must be recognised that the multi-disciplinary nature of blading design increasingly influences outcomes of advanced gas turbine and aeroengine developments. Recently there has been considerable progress in the Fourier harmonic modelling method development for turbomachinery applications. The main driver is to develop efficient and accurate computational methodologies and working methods for prediction and analysis of unsteady effects on aerothermal performance (loading and efficiency) and aeroelasticity (blade vibration due to flutter and forced response) in turbomachinery. In this article, the developments and applications of this type of methods in the past 20 years or so are reviewed. The basic modelling assumptions and various forms of implementations for the temporal Fourier modelling approach are presented and discussed. Computational examples for realistic turbomachinery configurations/flow conditions are given to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach. Although the major development has been in the temporal Fourier harmonic modelling, some recent progress in use of the spatial Fourier modelling is also described with demonstration examples.     

The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission

The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1?×?10? km2) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150?m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.