主带彗星探测的科学目的及光谱仪设计构想

由于主带彗星富含水冰等挥发分并且位于火星与木星之间的小行星带区域,因此很可能是给早期地球带来水资源的天体,自从20世纪初期被发现以来引起了行星科学界的极大兴趣,是未来绕飞探测的重要候选目标。总结了主带彗星133P光谱探测的科学目标,并根据不同成分光谱特征分析和热特性研究需求,提出光谱仪的主要指标构想。谱段需覆盖可见至甚长波红外(0.4～50μm),通过可见红外成像光谱仪和热辐射光谱仪两台载荷分别覆盖0.4～5μm和5～50μm的波段范围。可见红外成像光谱仪采用紧凑型光栅分光系统设计,光谱分辨率在可见光谱段优于5 nm,红外谱段优于10 nm,5 km探测距离下空间分辨优于0.5 m,通过低温制冷抑制背景辐射噪声,保证信噪比优于100。热辐射光谱仪采用时间调制型干涉分光方案,由一台双角镜摆臂式干涉仪实现5～50μm的分光,光谱分辨率8 cm~(-1),5 km探测距离下空间分辨率优于10 m,采用非制冷热释电探测器。通过对两台光谱仪研制过程中涉及的关键技术进行分析,为后续开展工程研制奠定基础。     

嫦娥三号“玉兔号”巡视器行为规划方法

为支持"玉兔号"巡视器完成对月面较大空间范围的科学探测,对动态任务进行快速规划,提出了一种基于人工智能领域智能规划技术的自动化任务规划方法。提出了行为持续时间和行为效果动态确定的时态规划模型(TP~(DDDE)),设计了描述TP~(DDDE)问题的规划领域定义语言PDDL——PDDL~(DDDE),以及针对TP~(DDDE)问题的启发式规划算法,运用Landmark知识分析规划问题结构,从而设计了合理反映动作前提评估顺序的启发函数。在嫦娥三号任务中,本文方法支撑"玉兔号"巡视器圆满完成了预期的科学探测任务。     

机载条件下PCHE通道内流动换热特性研究

以飞机燃油系统和环控系统中常见的航空煤油(大庆 RP-3)和防冻液(65号)作为工质,对印刷电路板式换摘热器(PCHE)通道单元中 2种工质的逆流换热进行了三维数值模拟研究。实验中共设计 4种模型,即角度为 15°的 Z型双通道基础模型以及据此优化的其他 3种模型,不同模型的通道入口水力直径均为 1.2 mm。此外,燃油入口温度为 -40~40 ℃,防冻液入口温度为 50 ℃,它们的物性参数均随温度变化而变化。利用综合评价因子 η对模拟结果进行分析,获得了不同模型的流动换热特性。结果表明,优化模型的 η均大于基础模型。冷边入口温度相同时,优化模型的冷边最大 η出现在 400 kg/(m2·s) ,热边最大 η出现在 200 kg/(m2·s) 。质量流速相同时,若流速较小,则优化模型的冷边最大 η出现在 20 ℃,热边最大 η出现在 40 ℃,若流速较大,则冷边和热边最大 η均出现在 -40 ℃,但是冷边和热边流速大小的分界线不同。由此说明,环境温度变化引起的工质物性变化对 PCHE通道最优工况的出现影响显著。     

一种小型锁销式锁制器的设计

介绍了一种适用于在恶劣温度、力学环境条件下使用,具有高可靠性的锁销式锁制器的设计。简介了锁制器的工作原理和结构。针对实际使用中出现的故障,采取了相应的改进设计措施并通过试验验证,并重点介绍了锁销式锁制器的设计要点和细节,以供类似结构锁制器设计参考借鉴。     

Effects of tube system and data correction for fluctuating pressure test in wind tunnel

The accuracy of fluctuating pressure test in wind tunnel is affected by the tube system. By employing contradistinctive experimental method, systematic study was conducted to investigate the effects of the tube system on fluctuating pressure. The analyzed tube system parameters include tube length, inside diameter, curvature, deflection angle, thickness, material, restrictor length, restrictor inside diameter, and restrictor place. It is found that all the tube system parameters mentioned above except tube curvature have non-negligible effects on fluctuating pressure. Based on the research results, test methods were presented for the fluctuating pressure measurement in low-speed wind tunnel, which can obviously improve the data accuracy but not lose test efficiency. The effectiveness of the method is verified by the wind tunnel test.     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

Solidification and Crystal Growth on the SJ-10 Recoverable Scientific Experiment Satellite

The low-gravity environment aboard the space provides a unique platform for understanding crystal-growth-related phenomena that are masked by gravity on the Earth and for exploring new crystal growth techniques. We have characterized the wetting behavior of metal alloys and carried out melt growth of compound semiconductors under the support of materials science program in the SJ-10 recoverable satellite. We found that interfacial reaction plays a significant role in the interfacial evolution of Sn-based alloys. Detached growth of InAsSb was realized under microgravity, whereas during the terrestrial experiment the crystal and the crucible wall contact with each other. Moreover, the suppression of buoyancy-driven convection results in a more uniform composition distribution in the InGaSb and Bi₂Te₃-based semiconductor alloys.      

微振动对高分辨率TDICCD图像辐射质量影响

微振动是影响高空间分辨率遥感卫星成像质量的重要因素之一。主要针对微振动对时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件（TDICCD）图像辐射质量的影响规律进行研究,一方面对微振动的影响规律有更深入的研究,另一方面反过来为微振动的抑制提供参考和建议。首先结合成像器件与目标存在相对运动时的曝光成像规律和TDICCD相机成像原理,建立了微振动下TDICCD相机成像的仿真退化模型。然后利用该模型进行仿真计算,得到了仿真退化图像。最后,针对不同的影响因子,包括微振动的振幅、频率以及TDICCD相机级数,分别研究了其对图像辐射质量的影响规律,并结合理论或者工程实际进行分析,其结果基本一致。     

基于线性调频扩频的单基站室内定位系统研究

基于WLAN、蓝牙等无线信号的室内定位系统在布设与组网阶段需要布设大量的节点,在推广过程中严重受制于布设成本,因而提出了一种基于线性调频扩频(Chirp Spread Spectrum,CSS)信号的单基站室内定位系统及相关定位算法,结合使用线性调频测距方法与自主角度估计方法,测距精度优于1m,测角精度达1.5°,可为地下停车场等人员相对稀疏、定位精度需求相对较低的应用场景提供低成本的覆盖。经过室内停车场场景试验,该室内定位系统可在仅使用单一基站情况下,在约60m半径内提供1~3m的定位精度。