高超声速飞行器激波控制减阻技术

针对高超声速飞行器巨大的激波阻力,采用数值方法研究了由钝头体、气动杆和侧向喷流构成的组合模型的减阻性能。侧向喷流将弓形激波推离气动杆,组合模型的再附激波明显弱于传统气动杆模型,其阻力系数比气动杆模型低了33.52%,从而验证了本文组合模型优异的减阻效率。进行了组合模型的影响因素分析,随侧向喷流总压比和气动杆的长度的增加,再附激波强度减弱,减阻效率升高,但减阻效率的变化速率逐渐减小。随喷口位置向下游移动,再附激波逐渐增强,减阻效率降低,且减阻效率的变化速率逐渐增加。此外本文还研究了以上参数对流场结构及钝头体压力峰值位置的影响。     

轻质复合材料夹芯结构设计及力学性能最新进展

从设计、制备和力学性能方面对轻质复合材料夹芯结构的最新研究成果进行总结,包括复合材料点阵夹芯结构、褶皱夹芯结构以及蜂窝夹芯结构对应的拓扑构型设计和制备工艺,重点从力学性能的理论预报、力学性能实验表征和失效模式分析等角度评述了性能改进的最新研究。通过对轻质复合材料夹芯结构最新研究进展的总结与分析,展望了点阵夹芯结构、褶皱夹芯结构和蜂窝夹芯结构的发展趋势及可能应用领域。     

基于回流多风扇主动控制引导风洞的风场模拟试验

为了深入开展复杂建筑物及输配电线路的台风风荷载研究,提升复杂建筑物及输配电线路抗台风灾害的能力,拟研制一种回流多风扇主动控制风洞。为了突破回流多风扇主动控制风洞结构设计的关键技术,验证全尺寸风洞能否达到预期指标,研制了回流单动力段主动控制引导风洞。文中主要介绍了该引导风洞的结构设计和主动来流(均匀流场和湍流流场)模拟试验。试验结果表明:该引导风洞的最大风速达到18.2 m/s;正弦脉动流场风速为15.1 m/s(平均速度)±3.8 m/s(振幅)时,最大频率为7 Hz;正弦脉动风场模拟相似度高达94.3%。     

Two Degree-of-Freedom Dynamic Theoretical Model on Tile Thermal Protection System

In order to study the dynamic behaviors of the thermal protection system(TPS)and dynamic strength of the strain-isolation-pad(SIP),a two degree-of-freedom dynamic theoretical model is presented under the acoustic excitation and base excitation. The tile and SIP are both considered as the elastic body and simplified as a mass point,a linear spring and a damping element. The theoretical solutions are derived,and the reasonability of theoretical model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the numerical results. Finally,the influences on the dynamic responses of TPS by the structural damping coefficient of TPS,elasticity modulus and thickness of SIP are analyzed.The results show that the material with higher damping,and SIP with thicker size and lower elastic modulus should be considered to reduce the dynamic responses and intensify the security of TPS. The researches provide a theoretical reference for studying the dynamic behaviors of TPS and the dynamic strength of SIP. Besides,the dynamic theoretical model can be used as a quick analysis tool for analyzing the dynamic responses of TPS during the initial design phase.     

Self-ignition characteristics of the high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile in the launch process

To research the self-ignition characteristics of high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile in the launch process, the self-ignition process based on the solid fuel of polyethylene was numerically simulated by using the dynamic grid technology. The effect of different muzzle velocity on the self-ignition performance, and the effect of opening the blockage at different times on the flow field stability of the combustion chamber and the flow field characteristics after the solid fuel ramjet stabilized were analyzed. The results show that the occurrence of self-ignition is not only related to the pressure, temperature in the combustion chamber, and the muzzle velocity, but also to the content of C_2H_4 and its degree of mixing with air in the combustion chamber. After the kinetic energy projectile gets out of the muzzle and before the blockage opens, there is oscillation occurring in the combustion chamber. The higher the muzzle velocity of the kinetic energy projectile, the more prone to the occurrence of the self-ignition and the negative effects can be avoided due to the pressure oscillation in the combustion chamber. The effect of opening the blockage at different times on the flow field stability after the self-ignition occurs in a period of time is weak. After the blockage opens, the solid fuel ramjet can reach a stable working condition quickly.     

铝锂合金材料发展及综合性能评述

在抗疲劳设计等工程应用中,对材料综合性能的准确把握是使用材料进行设计的基础。作为一种航空材料,铝锂合金因具有高比强度、高比刚度的性能而受到青睐,与普通铝合金相比,铝锂合金的各方面性能,包括常规力学性能和疲劳断裂性能,具有独特特征。不同时期研发的铝锂合金产品,其各方面性能也有显著差异。本文通过比较铝锂合金和普通铝合金的性能差异,以及比较不同铝锂合金之间的性能差异,对铝锂合金材料性能发展进行综合评述。通过对铝锂合金发展历程、常规力学性能、疲劳极限和疲劳抗力、疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的分析,给出了结构设计选材的一些建议。     

涡轮集气腔流动特性研究及流阻计算模型

为了探究航空发动机涡轮集气腔的流动特性,对4个主进气口、双排125个出流孔的涡轮集气腔出口流量分配规律和流阻系数进行了实验研究,重点分析了进出口压比、集气腔腔室高度等参数变化带来的影响。研究发现,正对主进气口的出流孔流量最大,而紧邻其两侧的周向出流孔流量明显减小。随着出流孔周向位置远离主进气口,出流孔流量迅速恢复并基本维持一个定值。但是位于每2个主进气口间1/2周向夹角位置,会出现最小的出流流量。实验结果表明,尽管周向上局部出流孔出现了极大和极小出流流量,但其仅为进口总流量的9.34%和3.29%。在本文实验参数范围内,随着进出口压比、集气腔高度的增加,通过集气腔的空气流量均变大,但并没有改变周向出流孔的流量分配规律。两者相比,集气腔高度带来的影响明显微弱。最终本文拟合得到了流阻损失系数同集气腔几何参数、进/出口气动参数之间的经验关系式,并将其应用于开发的一维空气系统集气腔元件中,为后续空气系统的设计与优化提供依据。     

空间机器人的同伦类约束路径规划

同伦类约束路径规划是空间机器人路径规划的一种重要技术手段,能够有效实现复杂约束条件下路径规划的运算轻量化,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。同伦路径规划以同伦这一数学工具作为基础,将空间机器人的可行路径集限制在范围有限且具有良好函数性质的同伦结构中,在该结构中进行优化路径的搜索,在保证路径规划有效性的同时降低了算法的复杂性。介绍了基于同伦的路径规划近似算法框架,以及路径同伦构造和规划问题的求解。从面向约束的路径同伦构造方法和同伦优化搜索2个层面分析了近年来针对空间机器人同伦路径规划研究的进展。根据研究现状,对空间机器人的同伦类约束路径规划的未来发展进行了展望。     

Analysis of blade vibration response induced by rotating stall in axial compressor

An experimental and numerical study was conducted to investigate the forced response of blade vibration induced by rotating stall in a low speed axial compressor. Measurements have been made of the transient stalling process in a low speed axial compressor stage. The CFD study was performed using solution of 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with structure finite element models for the blades to identify modal shapes and structural deformations simultaneously. Interactions between fluid and structure were managed in a coupled manner, based on the interface information exchange until convergence in each time step. Based on the rotating stall measurement data obtained from a low speed axial compressor, the blade aeroelastic response induced by the rotating stall flow field was analyzed to study the vibration characteristics and the correlation between the phenomena. With this approach,good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was observed. The flow phenomena were well captured, and the results indicate that the rotating field stall plays a significant role in the blade vibration and stress affected by the flow excitation.      

空天飞行器乘波设计的概念研究

基于高超声速空气动力学和反馈控制的有关理论,结合反演设计思想,对空天飞行器乘波设计方法进行概念研究,研究包括乘波体的外形设计、表体激波作用力的估算、复杂飞行器模型的构建及恒动压定加速爬升的控制.仿真研究表明,所提出的方法适合于乘波体的设计,并能确保飞行器安全地完成预定任务.