软件测试的度量方法及其应用

软件测试是找出软件中的错误,它是保证软件质量的关键,软件测试的度量是对影响软件测试的属性所进行的定量测量.本文简述了应用软件测试度量技术时所应具有的基本知识,通过一个实例,介绍并讨论了一种实用的关于软件测试进度安排和软件错误数的度量方法.     

KuaFu Mission

The KuaFu mission-Space Storms, Aurora and Space Weather Explorer-is an "L1+Polar" triple satellite project composed of three spacecraft: KuaFu-A will be located at L1 and have instruments to observe solar EUV and FUV emissions, and white-light Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), and to measure radio waves, the local plasma and magnetic field,and high-energy particles. KuaFuB1 and KuaFu- B2 will bein polar orbits chosen to facilitate continuous 24 hours a day observation of the north polar Aurora Oval. The KuaFu mission is designed to observe the complete chain of disturbances from the solar atmosphere to geospace, including solar flares, CMEs, interplanetary clouds, shock waves, and their geo-effects, such as magnetospheric sub-storms and magnetic storms, and auroral activities. The mission may start at the next solar maximum (launch in about 2012), and with an initial mission lifetime of two to three years. KuaFu data will be used for the scientific study of space weather phenomena, and will be used for space weather monitoring and forecast purposes. The overall mission design, instrument complement, and incorporation of recent technologies will target new fundamental science, advance our understanding of the physical processes underlying space weather, and raise the standard of end-to-end monitoring of the Sun-Earth system.     

微波噪声校准系统介绍

新的．极低噪声放大器的研制开发和广泛使用，微波系统的结构日趋复杂，微波工程测量能力下断提高，但热噪声仍然是今天微波系统性能的主要限制。例如，远距离卫星通信工程对卫星转发器的接收机和地球站接机的噪声特性提出很高的要求。因此，准确地测量系统的噪声以及时噪声发生器进行准确校准的需求非常迫切。本文叙述自己研制的噪声源校准系统的基本原理，分析超噪比校准不确定度，提供具体的校准实例，提出进一步提高校准准确度的途径。     

气体渗碳过程的动态控制

利用气体渗碳物质传递数学模型来仿真计算碳浓度分布，并根据计算结果在计算机上拟合出碳浓度与时间、温度、气氛碳势之间的关系式，此关系式对气体渗碳的动态控制具有指导意义。     

IEEE488总线在动量轮测试中的应用

叙述了资源卫星动量轮的一般结构和开环测试原理。详细介绍了应用ＩＥＥＥ４８８总线构成的动量轮开环性能自动测试系统。说明了这个自动测试系统的系统构成以及测试项目、测试流程和获得的测试结果。并据此提出这个系统在卫星研制工作中具有推广价值。     

基于目标操作化的多引擎协作体系结构研究

基于目标操作化的域原子操作模型,研究分析了面向应用目标的系统设计与实现的基本问题,通过引入解释引擎,提出了面向目标的形式模型与应用软件设计实现的一体化机制;在系统级应用中间件之上,引入组件服务,提出了一个通过处理操作作业流实现目标的、多个操作服务引擎协作的体系结构,通过构造组件适配器,以满足操作服务引擎对异构组件服务的一致性访问.     

地中式混凝土油罐的数值模拟

对正在开展的战略石油储备,提出用地中预应力混凝土罐进行石油储存.应用结构分析软件ANSYS对巨型混凝土单壁罐和双壁罐进行弹性分析,指出罐壁环向应力几乎全部由温度荷载造成,罐壁温度场和温度应力具有明显时间性,储油初期罐壁温差最大,96?h后罐壁顶部拉应力达到最大;设置中间保温层后,内罐应力减小,外罐应力增大,应对内、外罐连接支墩做特殊设计,以满足罐壁温度变形.     

部分开放多极磁场中的日冕磁绳灾变

采用球坐标下二维三分量理想MHD模型，研究部分开放多极背景磁场中日冕磁绳的灾变现象．背景磁场由含3个闭合双极场的冕流和带赤道中性电流片的开放场构成，磁绳位于中心双极场的下方，其特性由环向磁通和轴向磁通表征．对给定的环向磁通，存在轴向磁通的一个临界值；对给定的轴向磁通，也存在环向磁通的一个临界值．在该临界值以下，磁绳附着于太阳表面，系统处于平衡状态；该临界值一旦被超越，磁绳将脱离太阳表面向上喷发，说明部分开放多极背景磁场中的日冕磁绳系统存在灾变现象．本文算例表明，灾变点对应的磁能阈值超过对应部分开放场(中心双极场开放，两侧的双极场仍维持闭合)能量约15％，其超过部分可为日冕物质抛射一类太阳爆发提供能源．     

Changes in spectral reflectance of wheat leaves in response to specific macronutrient deficiency.

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, deficiency of an essential element may drastically affect growth, appearance, and most importantly yield. Wheat, the focus of this study, is one of the crops studied in the CELSS program. Information about nutrient deficiencies in crops grown in controlled environment is essential to optimize food productivity. The main objective of this study was to determine whether deficiency of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (M) alters spectral reflectance properties of wheat leaves. Plants were grown in the greenhouse and growth chamber, in a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Spectral reflectance of fully expanded wheat leaves from 280 to 1100 nm, nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, and Ca) and chlorophyll (Chl) were determined when deficiency symptoms were first evident (approximately 6-7 weeks). Chlorophyll content and fresh and dry weight, were used to assess the severity of the nutrient stress. All nutrient deficiencies affected chlorophyll content and generally increased reflectance in the visible (VIS) 400-700 nm and infrared (IR) 700-1100 nm ranges. Magnesium and nitrogen deficiencies had the most pronounced effect on chlorophyll concentration height, and reflectance. All macronutrient deficiencies tested reduced chlorophyll concentration, increase reflectance in the visible range and caused a shift in the position of the red edge (the point of maximum slope on the reflectance spectrum of vegetation between red and near-infrared wavelengths) toward shorter or longer wavelengths; depending upon the element. In the greenhouse, N and Mg induced the greatest increase in reflectance of 33% and 25% in the VI range and 86% and 53% in the IR range, respectively. However, in the growth chamber, an increase of 97% and 25% occurred in the VI range, and 20% and 33% in the IR range, respectively. In the IR range in the growth chamber, P, K, and Ca deficiency caused a reduction in reflectance (412-770 nm). This research indicates that mineral deficiencies and reflectance are not specific to one environment and could have important implications for the design of CELSS in space, and perhaps the future of terrestrial agriculture.     

过失速飞机最速指向目标机动研究

基于飞机质点动力学模型建立了指向活动目标的终端条件,并进行最速指向机动动作的数值优化,其中用共轭梯度法寻优,用罚函数处理约束条件.计算结果表明,优化可以指导寻找对应于不同战术要求的有利机动过程;在近距空战中,具有快速改变航迹方向并进入过失速超大迎角机动的能力非常有利于快速指向目标、争取首攻机会,而改变航迹方向倾向于使用最大升力区迎角.