Biochemical constraints for survival under Martian conditions.

A wide variety of terrestrial organisms, the so-called "anhydrobiotes," has learned to survive in a state of extreme dehydration in dry environments. Strategies for survival include the accumulation of certain polyols and nonreducing saccharides, which help to prevent damage to membranes and proteins, but at low water partial pressure DNA is also progressively damaged by various lesions, including strand breaks and cross-linking to proteins. These lesions, if they are not too numerous, can be repaired before the first replication step after rehydration, but long-term exposure to dry conditions finally diminishes the chances of survival as these lesions accumulate. If an organism has no chance to repair the accumulated DNA damage during intermittent periods of active life, survival will not exceed a few decades. The restriction of survival by dryness-induced DNA lesions is corroborated by new data on conidia of Aspergillus and the free plasmid pBR 322. Our results will be discussed with respect to the chance of finding dormant life or biochemical fossils on the surface of Mars.     

绿色制造中的干切削技术

冷却润滑液的存储、使用以及废弃处理需要专门的物流系统,因而费用很高;冷却润滑液处理不当会对人的健康以及环境造成危害;工件经过湿加工后必须进行清洁处理,这都费时费力,同时增加了对系统的要求.基于上述原因,近年来干切削技术受到广泛关注.     

细长尖头旋成体大迎角非对称涡系结构

本文采用数值计算方法,对细长尖拱旋成体大迎角背风侧非对称涡系结构以及与沿轴向交变的侧向力分布的关系进行了研究.求解的是N-S方程,采用Jameson中心格式,湍流采用修正的B-L模型.通过数值模拟揭示了在头部开始产生非对称涡,形成二次涡的机理以及在背风侧形成集中涡的过程.从而说明了采用集中涡来模拟这类流场的正确性,表明了二次涡对多个脱体集中涡形成的贡献.     

On Optimal Control of Linear Systems in the Presence of Multiplicative Noise

This correspondence considers the problem of optimal regulator design for discrete time linear systems subjected to white state-dependent and control-dependent noise in addition to additive white noise in the input and the observations. A pseudo-deterministic problem is first defined in which multiplicative and additive input disturbances are present, but noise-free measurements of the complete state vector are available. This problem is solved via discrete dynamic programing. Next is formulated the problem in which the number of measurements is less than that of the state variables and the measurements are contaminated with state-dependent noise. The inseparability of control and estimation is brought into focus, and an "enforced separation" solution is obtained via heuristic reasoning in which the control gains are shown to be the same as those in the pseudo-deterministic problem. An optimal linear state estimator is given in order to implement the controller.     

高速风洞支架干扰数值修正研究

提出了一种计算高速风洞支架系统对飞行器模型纵向气动力干扰量的数值计算方法 ,从跨声速全位势积分方程出发 ,编制了适用于飞行器全机模型及其带支架情况下的跨声速绕流计算程序。通过对双垂尾模型和GBM 0 3模型两个算例的计算 ,讨论了尾支撑位置及其几何外形参数对模型气动力的影响 ,并对GBM 0 3模型带短支杆情况下的纵向实验结果进行了修正。表明该方法对于分析研究风洞模型支架干扰问题并进行支架干扰修正是可行的、有效的 ,可以作为选择尾支撑位置及其几何外形参数和对跨声速风洞纵向实验结果进行支架干扰修正的工具。     

Peculiarities of biological processes under conditions of microgravity.

The results of experiments aboard spacecraft demonstrated the dependence of the pattern of biological processes on microgravity and on the ability of biological objects to adapt themselves to new environmental conditions. This is of fundamental importance for solving theoretical and practical problems of space biology, or elaborating the theory of organism's behavior in weightlessness, and for elucidating the global mechanisms of the action of microgravity on living systems.     

黄海气象海况对海上发射运载火箭的影响

海上发射运载火箭的实施过程会受到气象海洋环境的影响和制约,气象海洋环境会直接影响海上发射窗口期的选择及发射安全。为避免海上发射在复杂气象海况条件下发生设备重大损坏、窗口长期延后和人员安全事故等问题,通过分析黄海海域波浪场、风场、温度场及降水场的分布特征及变化规律,对基于季节变化特征的海上发射实施阶段及季节性预防趋势进行分析总结,为以后在不同季节极端天气下海上发射运载火箭提供参考。