防冰疏水微结构表面的设计

微结构表面具有出色的防水自净性能以及减阻性能,但目前超疏水微结构表面设计制备思路欠缺系统性,很多制备方法也比较复杂,在工程实践方面缺乏指导性。从工程制备的角度,概述了微结构表面设计的经典理论模型和国内外对微结构几何设计的理论研究,探究常用工程材料的理论本征接触角,通过力学平衡分析方法计算仿真确定疏水微观结构几何尺寸、几何截面外形,提出截面线长度及尺寸系数两个疏水微结构设计的参数,归纳了设计疏水微结构的流程,为制备疏水微结构或微结构模具提供理论基础。     

基于参数化分析的柔性后缘优化设计

介绍了一种自适应柔性机翼后缘变形控制优化设计方法,该方法采用了由单个驱动器驱动的单块式分布柔性结构。该方法的关键在于设计一种合适的柔性后缘结构拓扑形式,使该自适应柔性机翼后缘能够达到精确的变形。阐明了柔性结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型,针对自适应柔性机翼后缘概念设计提出了基于参数化分析的拓扑优化设计方案,并进行了工程化圆整和尺寸优化。最终,通过非线性有限元分析和功能测试,验证了本文提出的柔性后缘优化设计方法的合理性。     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

永磁同步直线电机建模及混沌搜索优化设计

建立了永磁同步直线电机的电磁场有限元物理模型,以此对气隙磁密波形畸变率进行了深入的分析。通过电机参数样本空间设计,利用正交试验设计方法进行非线性回归建模分析,给出了气隙磁密波形正弦度可行的电磁方案。基于混沌搜索理论和适应函数对永磁同步直线电机结构参数进行优化。仿真结果表明,在此结构参数基础上,电机磁极偏移后其三相反电势依然有较好的对称性,为永磁同步直线电机及其他的电磁工程设计提供了一种新的思路。     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的波浪发电系统最大功率跟踪控制

波浪发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制中,传统粒子群算法存在早熟收敛和局部搜索能力不足问题,为此提出基于模拟退火算法的粒子群优化方案。该算法每次更新粒子的速度和位置时,通过比较当前温度下各个粒子的适配值与随机数的大小,从所有粒子中确定全局最优解的替代值,从而使粒子群算法在发生早熟收敛时能够跳出局部最优并快速找到全局最优解。仿真结果表明,与传统粒子群优化算法相比,模拟退火粒子群算法可有效避免波浪发电系统陷入局部最大功率点,并快速实现全局最大功率跟踪,提高了波浪能捕获率。     

控制系统延迟对轴扭振的影响

控制系统中的轴扭振会引起系统控制量的振荡,加大机械传动装置磨损,甚至会导致传动轴断裂。在工业应用中,多采用陷波滤波器抑制轴扭振,而陷波频率的选取通常未考虑控制系统延迟因素。基于电机角速度增量、轴转矩增量和电机电磁转矩增量的相位图,分析了控制系统延迟对轴扭振频率的影响。仿真结果对分析结论给予了验证。     

三种T700级碳纤维及其复合材料性能比较

对MT700、T700-A及T700-B三种碳纤维拉伸性能、表面形貌、单向板力学性能及网格加筋圆筒轴压稳定性进行逐级对比研究。结果表明:MT700碳纤维拉伸性能达到同级别进口碳纤维水平且具有高模量特征;MT700碳纤维表面均布沟槽的结构特点使得MT700/603复合材料体系表现出良好的界面性能和拉伸-压缩匹配性,单向板压缩强度、层剪强度及弯曲强度均明显高于T700-A/603和T700-B/603;MT700/603网格加筋圆筒轴压破坏强度及模量分别达到870 k N和108.2 GPa,相比于T700-B/603分别提高11.5%和33.1%。MT700碳纤维更适用于制备航天领域结构复杂承力构件。     

高柔性低面密度预浸料的制备与性能研究

考察了高韧性预浸料用环氧树脂体系黏度对预浸料加工工艺的影响,探讨了涂膜和预浸复合工艺参数对预浸料质量的影响,采用热熔法工艺成功制备了高柔性低面密度预浸料。评价了预浸料的质量参数,单层厚度达到(25±5)μm,具有优良的粘结性和铺覆性。力学性能测试结果表明,相对于常规厚度预浸料,高柔性低面密度预浸料复合材料的层间断裂韧性、层剪强度和弯曲强度分别提高了19%、27.7%和15.3%。微观形貌观察表明高柔性低面密度预浸料制备的复合材料具有较好的界面结合强度。     

启动过程对大膨胀比喷管外压失稳的影响研究

针对上面级发动机大膨胀比喷管高模试车时发生的外压失稳现象,进行了高模试车时的稳定工作和启动过程数值仿真和实验研究。结果表明:对于室压4.5MPa,环境压力87k Pa,喷管面积比70的上面级发动机,稳定工作时,喷管承受的是内压载荷,不会发生外压失稳;不预抽真空启动时,喷管内的流场建立过程所需的时间很短约0.4s,而试验舱的压力只能依靠发动机的引射而降低,从0.4s开始喷管承受较大的外压载荷,直至10s左右试验舱的压力低于喷管内壁压力,在较长时间内喷管一直承受外压载荷,很容易发生外压失稳;预抽真空启动时喷管在0.14s到0.42s时间段承受外压载荷,且只在0.14s到0.25s内承受的外压载荷较大,喷管承受外压载荷的时间很短,不会发生外压失稳;启动前抽真空是避免喷管发生外压失稳的一种有效手段。     

Experimental research on rotating detonation with liquid hypergolic propellants

This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide (NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH). An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors, respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.