Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

"流行书风"的内在特征与形成原因

"流行书风"的形成与当时书法艺术家主体的完全独立、书法理论界的思想解放、创作主体对创作的个性化与原创性追求,以及以国家级的展览为代表的展厅文化的推波助澜息惠相关.只要其"根植传统、张扬个性"的宗旨不变,在当前乃至今后一个较长的时期,它将一如既往地继续"流行".     

Minimum sliding mode error feedback control for fault tolerant small satellite attitude control

This paper proposes a new control strategy (which we call “minimum sliding mode error feedback control, MSMEFC”) for small satellite attitude control. As we know, the attitude control algorithm plays a significant role in the whole performance of the satellite, especially under the existence of uncertain disturbances from the space. Without loss of generality, the MSMEFC is presented based on the sliding mode theory. It is assumed that the equivalent control error is defined to offset the uncertain disturbances to improve the control performance. Hence, in order to estimate the optimal equivalent control error, a cost function is derived on the basis of the principle of minimum sliding mode error. Then, the equivalent control error wills feedback to the conventional sliding mode control to obtain the final MSMEFC. According to the theoretical analyzes, the sliding mode after the MSMEFC will approximate to the ideal sliding mode, resulting in enhancing the control performance. Moreover, an adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode is employed to compare with the performance of MSMEFC. Several simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed MSMEFC in the presence of serious perturbations, even in some fault-tolerant scenarios.     

Yield Loci of TRIP590 Advanced High Strength Steel Based on Biaxial Loading Test

The main purpose of the paper is to obtain the experimental yield loci of TRIP590 advanced high strength steel,and to compare it with the theoretical loci in order to obtain the best yield criterion for this material. First,the biaxial loading tests under different loading paths in the method of load control are carried out. Then,the experimental yield loci of different deformation stages are obtained. Finally,the experimental yield loci are compared with the theoretical loci of Mises criterion and Hill48 criterion,the parameters of which are calculated based on the r-value and the yield stress method,respectively. The results show that the accuracy of the theoretical yield loci of Hill48 based on the yield stress is higher than that of Mises criterion and Hill 48 criterion based on r-value method.     

Introduction to global short message communication service of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system

Short Message Communication (SMC) is a featured service of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). After its successful deployment in 2003, Regional Short Message Communication (RSMC) service has been continuously serving China and its neighboring countries and regions, especially in life safety scenarios. In this paper, the architecture of the Global Short Message Communication (GSMC) system is proposed based on the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation and the crosslinks of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). Three subtypes of GSMC service, i.e. positioning report, emergency search and rescue (SAR) and regular SMC are designed in accordance with the technical characteristic of integration of navigation and communication in BDS-3, which supports future wide applications of GSMC. The performance of the designed GSMC system is analyzed by numerical calculations. As BDS-3 was officially announced completion on July 31, 2020, GSMC has been providing initial service. First test results of the in orbit GSMC payloads are also presented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Preliminary results also show that the requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) can also be fulfilled.     

无人船数据链SC-FDE突发信号载波同步方法

设计了一种适用于无人船组网数据链的SC-FDE突发通信时隙的帧结构,通过计算前导序列和独特字(UW)序列的自相关函数,调整差分相关长度,提出一种适用于多模式帧结构的载波同步方法。最后,通过仿真评估了所提出算法在不同条件下的有效频偏估计范围、频偏估计精度等性能,为算法工程实现的主要设计参数提供参考。     

不同直径光滑圆管中黄原胶溶液流动减阻特性的实验研究

采用实验的方法,测试了黄原胶溶液在不同直径的光滑管道流动中的减阻特性和管径效应。其中变化参数为：（1）管道直径,共有3种管径,分别为5、10和20mm;（2）黄原胶溶液的浓度,变化范围为50~550ppm;（3）流速,用广义雷诺数（ReM）来表征,变化范围为0~50000。实验测量了不同参数下的管道压降Δp和体积流量Q,得到了黄原胶溶液浓度与减阻率的关系,以及ReM数对沿程阻力系数λ的影响,观测到黄原胶溶液减阻具有很明显的浓度效应,即随着溶液浓度的升高减阻率不断增大,直至达到最佳饱和减阻浓度,减阻率基本保持恒定。还观测到黄原胶溶液在不同管径中高低流速下表现出减阻类型的差异。     

Application of novel force control strategies to enhance robotic abrasive belt grinding quality of aero-engine blades

Robotic belt grinding has emerged as a finishing process in recent years for machining components with high surface finish and flexibility.The surface machining consistency, however,is difficult to be guaranteed in such a process.To overcome this problem, a method of hybrid force-position control combined with PI/PD control is proposed to be applied in robotic abrasive belt grinding of complex geometries.Voltage signals are firstly obtained and transformed to force information with signal conditioning methods.Secondly, zero drift and gravity compensation algorithms are presented to calibrate the F/T transducer which is installed on the robot end-effector.Next, a force control strategy combining hybrid force-position control with PI/PD control is introduced to be employed in robotic abrasive belt grinding operations where the force control law is applied to the Z direction of the tool frame and the positon control law is used in the X direction of the tool frame.Then, the accuracy of the F/T transducer and the robotic force control system is analyzed to ensure the stability and reliability of force control in the robotic grinding process.Finally, two typical cases on robotic belt grinding of a test workpiece and an aero-engine blade are conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the force control technology proposed.     

服务及面向服务软件体系结构的属性研究

信息产业在过去的二十年里发生了巨大的变化，新一代软件技术服务和面向服务的软件体系结构（SOA）随之而生以应对变化性和复杂性与日俱增的业务需求。本文以继承的观点对服务进行分析，对服务的元素、属性以及它们之间关系给出了合理的解释，并根据不同的目标将服务属性分成了两组，并在每组中分别解释了服务如何在封装的基础上实现复用目标，以及如何基于统一描述实现交互目标的。此外，本文还给出新的服务和SOA概念，分析了它们的属性。同时还详细地讨论了SOA及其相关技术（分布式系统和服务），以及SOA系统如何通过服务实现分布式目标。     

基于Windows消息机制的MSC.Patran集成方法研究

为了解决航天器虚拟振动试验过程中的数据管理问题,提出了一种基于Windows消息机制的MSC.Patran软件集成方法,并设计了总体集成框架,针对其中的关键技术,如集成环境初始化、窗口动态控制等内容进行了详细论述。应用该方法和框架研制航天器虚拟振动试验系统,验证了其可行性。结果表明,该集成方法能够有效解决Patran与数据管理系统的数据集成共享问题。