多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

针对某多机并联火箭羽流流场结构复杂、底部热环境极为恶劣,有可能导致发动机结构部件失效的问题,通过数值仿真对其飞行过程不同高度下的羽流流场及热环境进行研究,并与热环境实测结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:火箭低空飞行时,各发动机羽流互不干扰,随着飞行高度不断增加,羽流逐渐扩张并开始相互干扰,最后在箭体底部出现明显回流,最大热流在起飞时刻,与飞行实测值基本一致。出现回流之前,箭体底部主要受辐射热影响,随着回流出现,对流热流随之增大,但也远小于起飞时刻的热流峰值。计算得到的多机并联火箭羽流流场及其热环境分布对发动机舱外结构热防护优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

航天器时态规划技术研究进展

结合航天器自主运行的迫切需求,阐述了航天器任务规划问题给智能规划技术带来的挑战,并重点分析了具有时间属性的规划方法研究必要性。给出航天器时态规划定义,分别总结了状态空间时态规划建模方法和基于时间线的时态规划建模方法,并给出时态规划知识模型关键元素定义。根据规划方法发展现状,归纳总结前向链、模型转换、规划空间规划和分层任务网络四种方法在时态规划技术方面的特点和研究进展,着重描述各种方法对规划中时间要素的处理。在对目前的航天器时态规划技术发展趋势总结分析基础上,给出了未来航天器时态规划技术的发展建议。     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

一种基于自测试的卫星快检技术研究

传统卫星设计以功能实现为主，可测试性较低，卫星综合测试基本依赖遥测遥控，测试周期长、效率低、成本高，不能很好地适应未来卫星批量化研制需求。参考民用汽车快速电检技术，从卫星可测试性与自测试设计出发，设计了基于总线调度的卫星快检系统，提高了卫星快速检修与快速发射能力，满足未来卫星低成本高效率研制需求。     

激光雷达对沉潜油探测的探索*

目前,人们对于海洋沉潜油的规律研究及控制水平较低,特别是探测30m深度以内的浅海地区的沉潜油分布信息,其主要原因是缺乏快速有效的探测手段。北京遥测技术研究所开发水下探测激光雷达样机,利用激光在海水中良好的透过特性,用于对水下沉潜油的探测以及对海底等目标的高精度探测。样机完成在水池中进行水下沉潜油的模拟探测试验,对沉潜油样本的典型激光回波信号进行采集分析,并测量模拟探测深度。试验结果基本符合设计预期,为进一步提升激光雷达沉潜油探测能力打下良好基础。     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

基于镁合金基体的螺纹连接承载性能研究

利用螺纹扭拉试验原理，针对航天用铸造镁合金螺纹连接问题，进行了螺纹紧固连接的量化研究。通过探究镁合金螺纹抗扭强度、扭拉关系和轴向承载能力，系统性的给出了镁合金螺纹的基本性能指标，对工程应用具有指导意义。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.