高等教育实施清洁生产的初步探讨

将清洁生产的理论与方法导入高等教育业,探讨高等教育清洁生产的意义、内容与途径.在高等教育业大力推广清洁生产,开展节能、降耗、控污、治污等环境保护活动,是实现高等教育业可持续发展的重要途径.     

A New Hybrid Control Scheme for an Integrated Helicopter and Engine System

A new hybrid control scheme is presented with a robust multiple model fusion control(RMMFC) law for a UH-60 helicopter and an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) controller for its engines.This scheme is a control design method with every subsystem designed separately but fully considering the couplings between them.With three subspaces with respect to forward flight velocity,a RMMFC is proposed to devise a four-loop reference signal tracing control for the helicopter,which escapes the closed-loop system from unstable state due to the extreme complexity of this integrated nonlinear system.The engines are controlled by the proposed ADRC decoupling controller,which fully takes advantage of a good compensation ability for unmodeled dynamics and extra disturbances,so as to compensate torque disturbance in power turbine speed loop.By simulating a forward acceleration flight task,the RMMFC for the helicopter is validated.It is apparent that the integrated helicopter and engine system(IHES) has much better dynamic performance under the new control scheme.Especially in the switching process,the large transient is significantly weakened,and smooth transition among candidate controllers is achieved.Over the entire simulation task,the droop of power turbine speed with the proposed ADRC controller is significantly slighter than with the conventional PID controller,and the response time of the former is much faster than the latter.By simulating a rapid climb and descent flight task,the results also show the feasibility for the application of the proposed multiple model fusion control.Although there is aggressive power demand in this maneuver,the droop of power turbine speed with an ADRC controller is smaller than using a PID controller.The control performance for helicopter and engine is enhanced by adopting this hybrid control scheme,and simulation results in other envelope state give proofs of robustness for this new scheme.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

脉冲爆震发动机尾喷管的实验

选取3类10种有代表性的脉冲爆震发动机尾喷管进行了试验.研究结果表明, 各种喷管对性能均有提高;对每类喷管均存在一最佳面积比, 使推力增益最大;在受试的尾喷管中, 收敛-扩张喷管增益最大, 达24%;填充系数对喷管性能增益影响甚微.      

药柱裂纹对固体火箭发动机工作过程的影响

针对某固体火箭发动机点火启动时所受的燃气载荷,用线性粘弹性有限元法分析了无缺陷药柱和含有裂纹药柱的应力—应变场,并探讨了单裂纹部位、裂纹尺寸对发动机工作安全性的影响以及多裂纹条件下,裂纹尺寸和相互位置对裂纹扩展的影响。所得到的结论对制定固体发动机失效判据有一定的参考价值。     

反舰导弹被舰炮反导系统击中后的受力分析与仿真计算

舰炮反导系统拦截超低空掠海飞行反舰导弹试验时,靶弹被击中后由于碰撞受力和引发的故障,是可能引起试验安全问题的主要原因。通过靶弹被弹丸击中后的受力分析和仿真计算,探讨分析靶弹碰撞受力引起的弹道变化情况,为试验安全评估及研究反舰导弹易损性提供参考。     

聚醚醚酮/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的凝聚态结构与交流电性能

利用同体合金化方法,制备了不同质量比的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)/多壁碳纳米管(MwNT)复合材料,通过场发射扫描电镜观察了凝聚态结构;对比研究了缓冷和速冷模压成型复合材料的熔融吸热峰和热焓的变化、交流电性能参数.结果表明:固体合金化方法能实现MWNT在PEEK基体中的短切与良好分散,有利于导电网络的形成:添加MWNT可促使低温晶相的形成;随MWNT含量的增加,PEEK/MWNT复合材料低温结晶相的熔融峰更加明显;速冷成型能降低复合材料的结晶度,增大晶粒尺寸分布,促进不同尺度晶粒晶界处形成不同长度MWNT的导电网络,有效降低材料的电阻和体系的逾渗阈值;PEEK/MWNT复合材料的交流电性能参数随频率和MWNT含量的变化而变化,但缓冷成型和速冷成型具有不同的临界频率和逾渗阈值.     

外涵引气加力喷油杆冷却特性模拟实验

根据实际需要,提出了新型外涵引气双层壁喷油杆的结构方案.共设计了不同结构尺寸的8种新型双层喷油杆冷却套,在流动特性研究的基础上进一步对其换热特性和高温工况下流动性能进行了对比实验.综合其引气和冷却性能,对比八种尺寸套管,选取了较为合适的冷却套管结构尺寸.并对这种尺寸的套管进行了油杆内壁温度沿杆高的变化、油杆内壁温度随冷却气总压的变化及油杆内壁温度随套管进口雷诺数的变化的研究.实验表明:可以有效从外涵引气(压差850 Pa时,引气量9 g/s),能够较大降低油杆内壁温度(冷却效率0.7以上).      

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag系新型耐热铝合金研究进展

从合金成分设计、合金的微观组织演变及热处理工艺对合金性能的影响等方面,系统阐述近年来国内外对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag系新型耐热铝合金的研究及其进展情况.与第二代超音速飞机的其他备选材料相比,Al-Cu-Mg-Ag系合金具有较好的耐热性能和成本优势,代表了中强耐热铝合金的发展方向.     

模型加力室大涡模拟的并行计算

采用基于MPI(消息传递库)的并行算法,在贴体网格下对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室紊流化学反应流场进行数值模拟,湍流模型采用k方程亚网格尺度模型,燃烧模型采用亚网格EBU模型,采用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。在程序设计中,采用动态内存分配、分区算法和多点重合交错网格系统,并行计算的结果与单机运行结果的对比表明计算结果是正确的,可以明显的提高运算效率,是解决复杂燃烧流动大规模数值模拟的有效手段。