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861.
C. De Jager 《Space Science Reviews》2005,120(3-4):197-241
862.
Detection of small objects in a radar or satellite image is an important problem with many applications. Due to a recent discovery that sea clutter, the electromagnetic wave backscatter from a sea surface, is chaotic rather than purely random, computational intelligence techniques such as neural networks have been applied to reconstruct the chaotic dynamic of sea clutter. The reconstructed sea clutter dynamical system which usually takes the form of a nonlinear predictor does not only provide a model of the sea scattering phenomenon, but it can also be used to detect the existence of small targets such as fishing boats and small fragments of icebergs by observing abrupt changes in the prediction error. We applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain an optimal reconstruction of sea clutter dynamic based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. This GA-RBF uses a hybrid approach that employes a GA to search for the optimum values of the following RBF parameters: centers, variance, and number of hidden nodes, and uses the least square method to determine the weights. It is shown here that if the functional form of an unknown nonlinear dynamical system can be represented exactly using an RBF net (i.e., no approximation error), this GA-RBF approach can reconstruct the exact dynamic from its time series measurements. In addition to the improved accuracy in modeling sea clutter dynamic, the GA-RBF is also shown to enhance the detectability of small objects embedded in the sea. Using real-life radar data that are collected in the east coast of Canada by two different radar systems: a ground-based radar and a satellite equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we show that the GA-RBF network is a reliable detector for small surface targets in various sea conditions and is practical for real-life search and rescue, navigation, and surveillance applications 相似文献
863.
Benjamin D.G. Chandran 《Space Science Reviews》2001,99(1-4):271-280
Recent studies suggest that when magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is excited by stirring a plasma at large scales, the cascade of energy from large to small scales is anisotropic, in the sense that small-scale fluctuations satisfy the inequality k
k
, where k
and k
are, respectively, the components of a fluctuations wave vector and to the background magnetic field. Such anisotropic fluctuations are very inefficient at scattering cosmic rays. Results based on the quasilinear approximation for scattering of cosmic rays by anisotropic MHD turbulence are presented and explained. The important role played by molecular-cloud magnetic mirrors in confining and isotropizing cosmic rays when scattering is weak is also discussed. 相似文献
864.
Philipp P. Kronberg 《Space Science Reviews》1996,75(1-2):387-399
An overview is presented of the methods of probing for the geometry, and strength of intergalactic magnetic fields. Recent results are briefly surveyed for galaxy halos, galaxy clusters, and the intergalactic medium on various scales, and some rele vant physical processes and radiation processes are mentioned, as well as the coupling between intergalactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays.The general trend of recent results indicates that, wherever we detect intergalactic hot gas and galaxies, we also find magnetic fields at levels of 10–7 G, or higher. The hitherto undetected, weaker fields in the ratified i.g.m. and in large intergalactic voids could be probed by both Faraday rotation, and possibly using very energetic CR nuclei (> 1020eV), and/or transient extragalactic ray bursts. 相似文献
865.
The measurement that is “closest” to the predicted target measurement is known as the “nearest neighbor” (NN) measurement in tracking. A common method currently in wide use for tracking in clutter is the so-called NN filter, which uses only the NN measurement as if it were the true one. The purpose of this work is two fold. First, the following theoretical results are derived: the a priori probabilities of all three data association events (updates with correct measurement, with incorrect measurement, and no update), the probability density functions (pdfs) of the NN measurement conditioned on the association events, and the one-step-ahead prediction of the matrix mean square error (MSE) conditioned on the association events. Secondly, a technique for prediction without recourse to expensive Monte Carlo simulations of the performance of tracking in clutter with the NN filter is presented. It can quantify the dynamic process of tracking divergence as well as the steady-state performance. The technique is a new development along the line of the recently developed general approach to the performance prediction of algorithm with both continuous and discrete uncertainties 相似文献
866.
Boland J.S. Pinson L.J. Peters E.G. Kane G.R. Malcolm W.W. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1979,(1):11-20
The problem of locating a reference image within a larger image using a correlation technique is discussed. Although the particular application discussed is that of locating a reference image obtained from one video sensor or a photograph, within the larger field of view obtained from a second video sensor in real time (i.e., at the TV field rate), the results are general and useful for a number of applications. The tradeoffs necessary to obtain real time correlat are discussed and their effect on correlation accuracy is given. 相似文献
867.
基于Riccati方程的离散容错控制系统设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于离散系统的Riccati方程,提出一种对传感器失效具有完整性的离散控制系统的设计方法,给出了完整性设计方法的设计步骤,并用设计实例验证了该方法的有效性.该方法还可推广用于执行器失效的情况. 相似文献
868.
一种新的二维最大熵图象阈值分割方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据最大熵原理提出了一种用二维最大熵获取二值图象的新方法,介绍了用梯度-区域灰度均值二维最大熵求取阈值的原理和过程。计算机仿真结果表明,采用本文提出的阈值分割方法,对于直方图平坦的灰度图象处理效果尤为理想。 相似文献
869.
为提高模用锌合金ZA4-3的性能,扩大其应用范围,本项工作采用流变铸造法成功地制备了性能稳定的Al2O3P/ZA4-3复合材料。对该材料进行了弯曲强度、冲击韧性、压缩强度、硬度及耐磨性等性能试验,结果表明:Al2O3p的加入,使锌合金的压缩强度、室温和高温硬度以及耐磨性明显提高,其弯曲强度略有降低,而其冲击韧性下降了 。最后还讨论了成形工艺参数、颗粒含量和颗粒直径对该复合材料性能的影响。 相似文献
870.
本组系列论文(I)-(Ⅴ)从数学和认识论的角度系统地研究了无穷观问题的历史发展和现状,确立了无穷观背景世界的三分法原则,指出了两种穷观相互排斥的局限性,形成了统一两种无穷于同一框架中的基本观点,并建立了一个统一实无限与潜无限于同一框架中的公理集合论系统APAS。 相似文献