三维曲线坐标系N－S方程通用形式和数字解

运用张量分析理论,比较简捷地导出了三维任意曲线坐标系上椭圆型Ｎ－Ｓ方程的通用形式。在对这些方程进行数值离散时,采用了有限控制体积的非交错网格设置,该算法以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ为基础,为了抑制压力振荡场的出现,在压力修正方程中对压力梯度的离散附加一项１—δｘ的差分。作为算例,本文给出了三维９０°强曲率弯曲管道中气流的不可压缩紊流状态的数值计算结果,并与相关的实验数据进行了对比,结果是满意的。     

The strong stability of most natural motions

Problems of Hamiltonian Mechanics can generally be simplified by some Von Zeipel transformations which reduce the influence of short period parameters and lead to very slowly variable functions: the “quasi-integrals”; however these transformations are implicit and then difficult to use.An explicit construction of the quasi-integrals is presented here and is used to integrate the motion of an artificial satellite perturbed by the zonal harmonics of the Earth gravitational potential; the quasi-integrals are also used to obtain informations on the stability of natural satellites, i.e. lower bounds on the duration of escape or capture.     

Hermes vehicle

The presence of Europe in the future developments of spatial programs, which are foreseen, for the 1990s and further, needs the availability of vehicles, modules and all related technologies adapted to operational use of low earth orbit station.The manned HERMES vehicle shall be part of the in-orbit infrastructure realized either in the European context or in cooperation between Europe and the United States.The main mission for this vehicle will be to run a shuttle with the station that means transport and change of the crews, its safe return in abort condition and cargo transport of consumable and experimental equipment.Secondary missions could be servicing on automatic platform, making autonomous scientific experiments. Lastly, the vehicle, by means of its on-board propulsion capability, could be used to accomplish in-orbit tow and assembly missions.Studies which are undertaken now about the vehicle are devoted to the aerodynamic shape (research of a compromise between aerothermic and overall fitting), the system (functional architecture, ground and flight configuration); further works dealing with technology are presently on hand in the field of thermal protection, aerodynamics, power generation with a high massic yield.     

Optimum Realizable Continuous Range Estimation

The ability to detect the presence or absence of a target is no longer the fundamental design criterion when the vehicle to be tracked is cooperative. In spacecraft tracking or navigation systems, for example, emphasis is placed on post-acquisition performance. Therefore, classical radar theory and design techniques are not specifically applicable. On the other hand, there are optimization techniques for extracting the tracking data from noise that are more to the point. In particular, optimum demodulation theory is directed specifically to the problem of continuously extracting data from a nonlinear modulation process. In this paper, the tracking properties of a multitone PM ranging signal are reviewed and are shown to be nearly optimum for cooperative vehicles. An optimum, but nonrealizable, maximum a posteriori (MAP) continuous estimator of range is derived for this signal. The linearized model of this receiver is the optimum nonrealizable Wiener filter for the data. Interpretation of this optimum nonrealizable estimator leads to a receiver design that is both practical and intuitively satisfying. With the aid of post-detection processing in the Wiener-Hopf sense, almost optimum performance is obtained from the resulting receiver, above threshold.     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

提高压电式直线电机推力新技术

介绍了蠕动式、脉冲式、行波式及表面波式等几种压电直线电机的改进措施和进展情况,其中微脊式蠕动直线电机和表面波直线电机极有可能成为今后压电直线电机的商品化市场的新产品方向。     

复合材料单搭接胶接接头试验研究与数值模拟

针对不同搭接长度和不同被胶接件厚度的T300/QY8911层合板单搭接胶接接头进行了试验研究和数值模拟.建立了不同试验参数下的三维有限元模型,基于Hashin准则和连续介质损伤力学(CDM,Continuum Damage Mechanics)预测层合板面内损伤的起始和演化,应用黏聚区模型(CZM,Cohesive Zone Model)模拟层合板的分层损伤及胶层的失效.系统地研究了接头在不同参数下的失效模式、破坏形貌和极限载荷等的变化,模拟结果与试验吻合良好,验证了有限元分析模型的有效性.通过对接头的破坏形貌和应力分布进一步分析发现,胶接连接的失效模式和极限载荷均与胶接长度和被胶接件厚度有关;模拟接头胶接区在不同加载时刻的应力分布变化,反映了胶接连接在拉伸载荷下的破坏起始和演化过程.     

Compact frequency standard using atoms trapped on a chip

We present a compact atomic frequency standard based on the interrogation of magnetically trapped ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Two photons, in the microwave and radiofrequency domain excite the atomic transition. At a magnetic field of 3.23 G this transition from ∣F = 1, m_F = −1〉 to ∣F = 2, m_F = 1〉 is 1st order insensitive to magnetic field variations. Long Ramsey interrogation times can thus be achieved, leading to a projected stability in the low 10⁻¹³ at 1 s. This makes this device a viable alternative to LITE and HORACE as a good candidate for replacing or complementing the rubidium frequency standards and passive hydrogen masers already on board of the GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites. Here we present preliminary results. We use an atom chip to cool and trap the atoms. A coplanar waveguide is integrated to the chip to carry the Ramsey interrogation signal, making the physics package potentially as small as (5 cm)³. We describe the experimental apparatus and show preliminary Ramsey fringes of 1.25 Hz linewidth. We also show a preliminary frequency stability σ_y = 1.5 × 10⁻¹²τ^−1/2 for 10 < τ < 10³ s. This represents one order of magnitude improvement with respect to previous experiments.