Scanning Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar with Integrated Radiometer

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems are severely constrained to a narrow swath by ambiguity limitations. Here a vertically scanned-beam synthetic aperture system (SCANSAR) is proposed as a solution to this problem. The potential length of synthetic aperture must be shared between beam positions, so the along-track resolution is poorer; a direct tradeoff exists between resolution and swath width. The length of the real aperture is independently traded against the number of scanning positions. Design curves and equations are presented for spaceborne SCANSARs for altitudes between 400 and 1400 km and inner angles of incidence between 20° and 40°. When the real antenna is approximately square, it may also be used for a microwave radiometer. The combined radiometer and synthetic-aperture (RADISAR) should be useful for those applications where the poorer resolution of the radiometer is useful for some purposes, but the finer resolution of the radar is needed for others.     

Investigation of the Influence of Magnetic Anomalies on Ion Distributions at Mars

Using data from the Mars Express Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) we investigate the distribution of ion beams of planetary origin and search for an influence from Mars crustal magnetic anomalies. We have concentrated on ion beams observed inside the induced magnetosphere boundary (magnetic pile-up boundary). Some north-south asymmetry is seen in the data, but no longitudinal structure resembling that of the crustal anomalies. Comparing the occurrence rate of ion beams with magnetic field strength at 400 km altitude below the spacecraft (using statistical Mars Global Surveyor results) shows a decrease of the occurrence rate for modest (< 40 nT) magnetic fields. Higher magnetic field regions (above 40 nT at 400 km) are sampled so seldom that the statistics are poor but the data is consistent with some ion outflow events being closely associated with the stronger anomalies. This ion flow does not significantly affect the overall distribution of ion beams around Mars.     

Novel quaternion Kalman filter

This paper presents a novel Kalman filter (KF) for estimating the attitude-quaternion as well as gyro random drifts from vector measurements. Employing a special manipulation on the measurement equation results in a linear pseudo-measurement equation whose error is state-dependent. Because the quaternion kinematics equation is linear, the combination of the two yields a linear KF that eliminates the usual linearization procedure and is less sensitive to initial estimation errors. General accurate expressions for the covariance matrices of the system state-dependent noises are developed. In addition, an analysis shows how to compute these covariance matrices efficiently. An adaptive version of the filter is also developed to handle modeling errors of the dynamic system noise statistics. Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out that demonstrate the efficiency of both versions of the filter. In the particular case of high initial estimation errors, a typical extended Kalman filter (EKF) fails to converge whereas the proposed filter succeeds.     

高转速对直通型篦齿封严特性影响的试验研究

通过试验的方法研究了转速对篦齿封严特性的影响。分别在不考虑封严间隙变化和考虑封严间隙变化的情况下,在大转速和大压比变化范围内,详细地分析了篦齿流量参数随转速和压比的变化规律及变化大小,并对引起变化的主要原因进行了分析,得到了一些有价值的结论。     

CFRP双剪单钉连接接头强度分析

双剪连接接头是复合材料结构连接设计的主要环节。针对T300／KH304复合材料层合板的双剪连接形式，分析了单钉连接情况下的接头强度，并采用Yamada-Sun准则预测了该层合板结构双剪连接接头的破坏载荷。结果表明：该接头的破坏模式主要呈现为挤压破坏；Yamada-Sun准则可以较好地预测该结构的破坏载荷；所预测的接头的破坏载荷及破坏模式，试验结果与数值分析结果比较一致。     

轴流压缩机叶栅内粒子沉积及性能下降计算中沉积模型的影响

针对轴流压缩机叶栅内固体微粒沉积的问题,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件对压缩机叶栅内的气固两相流动进行了模拟。文中首先采用简单粘附模型对轴流压缩机叶栅内粒子的沉积进行了计算;在此基础上,通过引入临界速度和临界角度的概念,采用用户定义子程序发展了一种新的粒子沉积模型,简称为部分沉积模型。并将采用部分沉积模型和简单沉积模型计算得到的粒子沉积结果进行了对比,结果表明部分沉积模型得到的粒子沉积更合理。在此基础上,采用部分沉积模型预测了轴流压缩机叶栅总压损失系数随运行时间的变化和500小时后叶片壁面的压力系数分布情况。     

Pursuer identification and time-to-go estimation using passive measurements from an evader

We present an algorithm for identifying the parameters of a proportional navigation guidance missile (pursuer) pursuing an airborne target (evader) using angle-only measurements from the latter. This is done for the purpose of classifying the missile so that appropriate counter-measures can be taken. Mathematical models are constructed for a pursuer with a changing velocity, i.e., a direction change and a speed change. Assuming the pursuer is launched from the ground with fixed thrust, its motion can be described by a four-dimensional parameter vector consisting of its proportional navigation constant and three parameters related to thrusting. Consequently, the problem can be solved as a parameter estimation problem, rather than state estimation and we provide an estimator based on maximum likelihood (ML) to solve it. The parameter estimates obtained can be mapped into the time-to-go until intercept estimation results are presented for different scenarios together with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which quantifies the best achievable estimation accuracy. The accuracy of the time-to-go estimate is also obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator is efficient by meeting the CRLB.     

微型飞行器相关布局气动特性实验研究

微型飞行器由于飞行雷诺数比较低,其流动现象和机理比较复杂,对其进行相关的实验研究是尤其的必要且可行。本次试验通过由带有一定厚度和弯度的翼型构成的矩形机翼和反齐默曼机翼的对比实验、不同弯度的对比试验、不同参数的鸭翼实验以及翼尖小翼实验,重点分析了平面布局、弯度、鸭翼以及翼尖小翼对气动特性的影响。试验结果表明:在带有一定厚度和弯度的情况下反齐默曼气动性能好于矩形翼;适当的弯度能提高飞行器升力特性和纵向稳定性;鸭翼能有效地提高微型飞行器的气动特性;翼尖小翼能改善飞行器的升阻特性。     

Multisensor resource deployment using posterior Cramer-Rao bounds

The development of a general framework for the systematic management of multiple sensors in target tracking in the presence of clutter is described. The basis of the technique is to quantify, and subsequently control, the accuracy of target state estimation. The posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) provides the means of achieving this aim by enabling us to determine a bound on the performance of all unbiased estimators of the unknown target state. The general approach is then to use optimization techniques to control the measurement process in order to achieve accurate target state estimation. We are concerned primarily with the deployment and utilization of limited sensor resources. We also allow for measurement origin uncertainty, with sensor measurements either target-generated or false alarms. An example in which the aim is to track a submarine by deploying a series of constant false-alarm rate passive sonobuoys is presented. We show that by making some standard assumptions, the effect of the measurement origin uncertainty can be expressed as a state-dependent information reduction factor which can be calculated off-line. This enables the Fisher information matrix (FIM) to be calculated quickly, allowing Cramer-Rao bounds to be utilized for real-time, dynamic sensor management. The sensor management framework is shown to determine deployment strategies that enable the target to be accurately localized, and at the same time efficiently utilize the limited sensor resources.     

适用于室温RTM工艺的氰酸酯树脂基体的研究

用苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯对双酚 A型氰酸酯 (BADCy)进行改性 ,研制了适用于室温下树脂传递模塑 (RTM)工艺操作的高性能树脂基体。该树脂具有较高的耐热性 (热变形温度 1 90～ 2 0 0℃ )和耐湿热稳定性 ;力学性能与同属 RTM工艺的 45 0 3 A树脂相当 ,某些指标优于 45 0 3 A。较好地达到了改性目的