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831.
针对飞行器进入火星大气时气体辐射加热对防热设计带来不确定性,在简述火星探测和气体辐射研究的发展历程的基础上,对火星进入气体辐射加热研究的进展进行综述。首先,针对火星大气环境描述了气体辐射加热的概念和问题由来。其次,重点综述了近年来火星进入气体辐射加热基础模型的数值和试验研究进展,其中包括:热化学非平衡气体动力学、气体辐射特性和辐射传输的计算模型与方法等数值研究;地面测试设备、试验技术和模拟火星大气环境的气体辐射测量与验证等试验研究。再次,综述了流动辐射耦合和后体气体辐射加热等火星进入器设计方面开展的研究。最后,对未来火星进入气体辐射加热研究进行了展望,提出了研究建议。 相似文献
832.
Kai Matsuka Aaron O. Feldman Elena S. Lupu Soon-Jo Chung Fred Y. Hadaegh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(11):3527-3545
For spacecraft swarms, the multi-agent localization algorithm must scale well with the number of spacecraft and adapt to time-varying communication and relative sensing networks. In this paper, we present a decentralized, scalable algorithm for swarm localization, called the Decentralized Pose Estimation (DPE) algorithm. The DPE considers both communication and relative sensing graphs and defines an observable local formation. Each spacecraft jointly localizes its local subset of spacecraft using direct and communicated measurements. Since the algorithm is local, the algorithm complexity does not grow with the number of spacecraft in the swarm. As part of the DPE, we present the Swarm Reference Frame Estimation (SRFE) algorithm, a distributed consensus algorithm to co-estimate a common Local-Vertical, Local-Horizontal (LVLH) frame. The DPE combined with the SRFE provides a scalable, fully-decentralized navigation solution that can be used for swarm control and motion planning. Numerical simulations and experiments using Caltech’s robotic spacecraft simulators are presented to validate the effectiveness and scalability of the DPE algorithm. 相似文献
833.
常用的元件破损在线监测方法受外在因素影响较大,以γ能谱中关键裂变产物核素比活度进行在线定量分析是一种可靠的元件破损监测方法。针对新型LaBr3(Ce)元件破损监测仪,设计了元件破损模拟实验,对逸出的裂变产物采用HPGe和LaBr3(Ce)探测器进行了对比测量。通过不同冷却时间γ能谱的核素分析,确定了135Xe,88Kr,138Xe,88Rb,138Cs等可作为LaBr3(Ce)元件破损γ能谱监测的关键核素。同时,制备了覆盖能量范围(250~2 400)keV,含60Co,137Cs,133Ba;241Am,152Eu;109Cd,88Y,57Co及24Na的4组放射性标准溶液,在建立的效率校准系统上,校准了LaBr3(Ce)在线监测仪的效率。在反应堆一次异常情况分析中,已校准的LaBr3(Ce)元件破损监测仪对关键核素的现场分析结果与HPGe的取样分析结果一致,表明效率校准结果准确,校准方法可靠。 相似文献
834.
835.
Low thrust interplanetary flight is considered. Firstly, the fuel-optimal control is found. Then the angular motion is synthesized. This motion provides the thruster tracking of the required by optimal control direction. And, finally, reaction wheel control law for tracking this angular motion is proposed and implemented. The numerical example is given and total operation time for thrusters is found. Disturbances from solar pressure, thrust eccentricity, inaccuracy of reaction wheels installation and errors of inertia tensor are taken into account. 相似文献
836.
837.
Results of almost two years (January 1999–October 2000) of continuous observations of auroral kilometric radio emission with the instrument AKR-X onboard the high-apogee satellite of the Earth Interball-1 are presented. The observations were conducted at the growth stage (in 1999) and in the maximum (2000) of solar activity within the 100–1500 kHz frequency band. The results of AKR detection in the vicinity of the maximum of its spectrum at a frequency of 252 kHz are presented. Both similarity (for example, the character of global directivity) and important differences from the AKR emission observed during the solar activity minimum [5] are found. Together with very high sporadicity, strong seasonal changes in the intensity are typical for the emission. It is completely absent in the spring-summer period in the Northern Hemisphere and is strongly suppressed in this period in the Southern Hemisphere. Probable nature of these features of AKR is discussed. 相似文献
838.
空域拥挤风险管理时间决策模型与方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对目前日益严重的空域拥挤现象,缺乏有效的空域拥挤风险管理机制,造成拥挤难以应对等问题,建立了空域拥挤风险预测模型、空域拥挤风险解决模型和风险损失成本模型。采用风险预测模型和解决模型预测可能产生空域拥挤的时段、提出不同时段的实施流量管理策略,基于风险损失成本模型给出了不同时段调整拥挤的运行成本,通过比较运行成本和空域拥挤风险管理决策方法确定出解决空域拥挤的最佳时间点。采用实际运行数据进行验证,结果表明:所建立的空域拥挤预测模型、空域拥挤风险解决模型、风险损失成本模型和空域拥挤风险管理时间决策方法能有效地预测未来空域发生拥挤的时段,迅速找到运行成本最小的调整拥挤的时间点,为空中交通流量动态管理提供了新途径。 相似文献
839.
V A Shurshakov S L Huston V M Dachev TsPPetrov J V Ivanov YuVSemkova 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,22(4):527-531
In March 1991 the CRRES spacecraft measured a new transient radiation belt resulting from a solar proton event and subsequent geomagnetic disturbance. The presence of this belt was also noted by dosimeter-radiometers aboard the Mir space station (approx. 400 km, 51 degrees orbit) and by particle telescopes on the NOAA-10 spacecraft (850 km, 98 degrees). This event provides a unique opportunity to compare particle flux and dose measurements made by different instruments in different orbits under changing conditions. We present here a comparison of the measurements made by the different detectors. We discuss the topology and dynamics of the transient radiation belt over a period of more than one year. 相似文献
840.
M. Yamashita T. Naitoh A. Kashiwagi Y. Kondo R. J. Wassersug 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,23(12):2083-2086
Frogs and toads turn either their heads or bodies opposite to angular accelerations applied around the yaw axis. Thresholds exist for the minimum angular acceleration that induces this vestibulomotor response in individual frogs. These thresholds were recorded for several anuran species that cover a broad range of sizes and life styles. Interspecific variation in the magnitude of the thresholds, which correlated with the ecology and behavior of the species, was documented. Also an allometric relationship was observed between this threshold and body size; the larger the frog, the lower the threshold. In many species, the threshold value for reflexive vestibulomotor responses to angular acceleration was proportional to the -0.4 (+/-0.2) power of body mass. Physical dimensions of the semicircular canals determine, in part, vestibular sensitivity to angular acceleration. Hence changes with growth in the semicircular canals are believed to contribute to the slope of -0.4. The biological significance of this allometry in vestibular responses is discussed and compared to trends in vestibular sensitivity and semicircular canal morphology of other vertebrate classes. 相似文献